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Geography > Core case study statistics > Flashcards

Core case study statistics Flashcards

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1
Q

Population doubling time

A

Doubled between 1650 and 1850 (200 years), and 1920-1970 (50 years).

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2
Q

Crude death rate is a poor indicator

A

Denmark 11, Pakistan 7.8

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3
Q

Youthful population (2)

A

Mexico, 34% of population below 15, CDR of 5.

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4
Q

Racial mortality

A

In South Africa, Blacks have 52.8 infant mortality whereas whites have 7.3.

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5
Q

Mortality in rural areas

A

NE Brazil, life expectancy is 27 years short than in the more affluent SE.

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6
Q

Feminisation of migration

A

23,000 pinoy nurses moving in the UK

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7
Q

Political representation of women

A

More than 70% of african countries have no female cabinet minister, notable exceptions include Rwanda

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8
Q

FGM

A

100-140million women are victims of FGM, rarely done in sterilised conditions.

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9
Q

Economic benefits of gender equality

A

UNESCO suggested that restricting women in the Asia-Pacific costs $45bil a year.

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10
Q

Women’s union

A

SEWA (self-employed women’s association) in India.

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11
Q

Gender bias in migration

A

70% of all Filipino migrants are women

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12
Q

Informal economy

A

In Peru it is estimated that 35-40% of the economy is informal

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13
Q

Microfinance

A

Grammen Bank in Bangladesh

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14
Q

Range in life expectancy

A

Mean 70, max Monaco 89, min Angola 38.

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15
Q

Advantage of free trade for local businesses

A

Local companies can become TNCs, e.g Pollo Campero has expanded from Guatemala to all of south america

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16
Q

HIPC

A

Nicaragua received $4.5bil debt relief in 2000, its annual debt is now 9% of its expenditure

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17
Q

Global remittances (2)

A

$440 bil 2014

$318bil in 2007, but exact figure unknown because of illegals

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18
Q

Cost of children

A

$300,000 (UK surveys)

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19
Q

Poverty threshold

A

1/4 of the world are below the 1$ threshold

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20
Q

Uneducated poor people

A

30% of children uneducated in Sub Saharan Africa

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21
Q

Heat wave deaths

A

2003 heat wave in France, 14.8k dead.

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22
Q

Forest fire

A

2009 Black Saturday bush fires in Victoria, Australia killed 173 people.

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23
Q

Water leakage

A

One UK water company loses 120 olympic swimming pools of water a day.

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24
Q

Population of Guangzhou

A

44 million

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25
Q

Optimum population of China

A

700 million

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26
Q

Deaths in the Great Famine

A

30 million

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27
Q

TFR in a pro natalist country

A

1.1 in Singapore

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28
Q

Percentage of foreigners in Singapore

A

36%

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29
Q

Results of a pro-natalist policy

A

13.6% increase in BR in Singapore since 1988

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30
Q

Results of NAFTA on Canada (3)

A

80% trade increase with US, 1 mil new jobs, 68% of canada’s FDI from NAFTA.

31
Q

Results of NAFTA on Mexico

A

Mexican exports grew 250%

32
Q

Aral sea rivers

A

North inflow: Syr Darya, South inflow used to be Amu Darya.

33
Q

Aral sea size

A

Used to have an area of 68000 km squared. By 2007, it was 10% of that.

34
Q

Arable land in China

A

22% of the world population, only 7% of the world’s arable land.

35
Q

Runoff in the Loess Plateau

A

95% runoff, taking topsoil.

36
Q

Rehabilitation for the Loess Plateau

A

1995 plan: 20 million benefitted, local income quadrupled.

37
Q

A country which uses renewables

A

Iceland – 70% renewables, 90% of which is geothermal,

38
Q

Iceland waste (3)

A

32% recycled
Annual target is 50%.
Aim to reduce landfill waste (e.g 97% of construction waste goes into landfills).

39
Q

One child policy (3)

A

Prevented 400 million births
Fertility now 1.7, down from 5.8 before OCP.
30 million more men by 2013

40
Q

Three gorges dam advantages (3)

A

100 million people downriver protected from flooding
Provide 2% of China’s energy needs
China uses 20% of the World’s power

41
Q

Three Gorges Dam disadvantages (3)

A

1.3 million people relocated
356 villages submerged
40 billion USD cost

42
Q

Effects of Chernobyl 1986 (2)

A

135,000 people evacuated, including 50,000 from Pripyat

Total death toll 734,000

43
Q

Exxon Valdez 1989 (4)

A

Exxon Valdez (carrying 50 million tonnes of crude oil) ran aground 40km out of Valdez.
Oil extended 1700km from the boat
35,000 birds killed
3000 otters killed

44
Q

Tuvalu (2)

A

11,000 people living on nine islands.

Highest land is 4.6m above sea level.

45
Q

Rainforest clearance Amazon facts (4)

A

1/3 of the world’s trees
15-40% has been cleared
15 football pitches per minute cleared
3000 known species threatened

46
Q

Reasons for Amazon clearance (3)

A

subsistence farming for 25 million landless peasants
5300km Amazonian highway
900km railway line from Carajas to the coast.

47
Q

Desertification in the Sahel (3)

A

Rains 1 or 2 months per year
3-4% increase in population per year
40% increase in overgrazing

48
Q

Uganda youthful population (4)

A

38 million people.
Half population under 15.
Average fertility of 7.
Population expected to double by 2025, to become the 12th most populated country.

49
Q

Rwanda refugees (3)

A

2 million Hutus to Zaire
480,000 to Tanzania
300,000 people died on route to or in refugee camps

50
Q

Urban problems in Rio (3)

A

10 million people in and around Rio
0.5 million homeless.
1 million living in favelas e.g Rocinha

51
Q

Urban improvement in Rio (4)

A

Favela Bairro project
16 favelas to improve
250 million euro project.
Barra da Tijuca

52
Q

Cambridge science park (4)

A

90 high tech firms
20/152 acres are parkland
5000 people total
Near M11

53
Q

Migrants in SEA (2)

A

1 million needed at the start of the 1980s

Now 6.5 mil needed.

54
Q

Gender migration (3)

A

Female migrants from Philippines, Indonesia and Sri Lanka comprise 60-80% of the legally deployed women
Female filipino migrants began to outnumber males in 1992.
6 billion USD revenue for the Philippines.

55
Q

China internal migration (2)

A

The urban population in China increases by 15-20 mil people per year.
The ‘floating population’ totals around 132 million people.

56
Q

Push factors from Mexico (5)

A 
Poor medical facilities 1800 per doctor
Low paid jobs (GNP = $3750)
Adult literacy 55%
40% unemployed
42,000 violent drug deaths since 2006
57
Q

Pull factors to US for Mexican migrants (3)

A

Good medical facilities 400 per doctor
Well paid jobs (GNP = $25,000)
99% adult literacy

58
Q

General Mexico to US (4)

A

2000km border
1 million migrants attempt to cross
In 1995, 850,000 were caught.
$22 billion sent back in remittances in 2013

59
Q

Transmigration in indonesia (3)

A

250 million people in Indonesia
60% live in Java, which is only 7% of the area.
2.5 million moved since 1900

60
Q

Transmigration in indonesia problems (5)

A

Has costed £200 million from the World bank
Java’s population increased by 18% in 1980 anyway
In 1995, population growing by 3.2mil a year.
20% of migrants have since returned
120 million hectares of forest felled.

61
Q

Bill gates quote

A

“If you’re not fully utilising half the talent in the country, you’re not going to get close to the top 10”.

62
Q

Gender discrimination (3)

A

In Saudi, 18% of women aged 15-24 are literate and the 1992 Basic Law does not guarantee gender equality.
In Yemen, Women are 30% literate compared to 70.5% in men.
In India, 47.8% literacy in women compared to 73.4% for men ar

63
Q

Fracking (3)

A

Marcellus Shale provides all US gas needs for 14 years
Releases 40,000 gallons of toxic chemicals
150 wells drilled a day.

64
Q

Tar Sands (5)

A

Area the size of England
Lake Athabasca has the second largest oil reserves after Saudi
Produces 1.3 million barrels a day
Viable since the price of oil is above $30 per barrel.
Single largest emitter of CO2

65
Q

Advantages of tar sands (4)

A

$500 million turnover per year
Fort McMurray has 70,000 workers (remittances)
Wages thrice higher than other Canadian towns
Everyone gets $10,000 dividend annually.

66
Q

MDG 1 (best/worst) (1+1)

A

In Asia between 1990 and 2001, 250 million rose out of poverty.
In Sub-Saharan Africa, the number of poor people increased from 227mil- 313 million.

67
Q

MDG 2 (best/worst) (2)

A

96% enrolled in Latin America

Enrolment has only increased by 2% in Oceania.

68
Q

MDG 3 (best/worst) (2+1)

A

In North Africa, the girl/boy ratio is 93%, an 11% increase over a decade.
In Southern Asia, there are 15% fewer girls than boys in primary school.

69
Q

MDG 4 (best/worst)

A

North Africa has more than halved child mortality.

In Sub Saharan africa, child mortality has increased.

70
Q

MDG 6 (best/worst) (2+2)

A

In Nepal, 45% of the population has TB. However, 90% of patients successfully completed treatment.
In Sub Saharan Africa, 7/100 have HIV and 900,000 people die of Malaria. TB rates have doubled.

71
Q

Arctic climate change (2)

A

Temperatures rise 3-4˚C in the last 50 years

40% of permafrost is expected to thaw

72
Q

Rwanda facts (2)

A

90% of populations is on subsistence agriculture

GNI per capita was 360 per year in 1995, but this has now increased to 1450 PPP dollars.

73
Q

1998 Yangtze flood (2)

A

3000 deaths

30 million homeless

Geography (10 decks)

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