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Science Assessment- may > Food and Digestion A2: 132-41 > Flashcards

Food and Digestion A2: 132-41 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are nutrients?

A

Nutrients are substances used by your body to survive and stay healthy.

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2
Q

What are the 7 nutrients your body requires?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Protein
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Dietary fibre
  • Water
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3
Q

What type of nutrients provide energy?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
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4
Q

What type of nutrients help in growth and repair?

A

Protein

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5
Q

What type of nutrients keep you healthy?

A
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
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6
Q

What is the purpose of Dietary Fibre as a nutrient?

A

They provide bulk in your food to keep it comfortable moving through your gut

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7
Q

What if the purpose of water as a nutrient?

A

Water is needed in all cells and body fluids.

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of Carbohydrates?

A
  • Simple Carbohydrates
  • Complex carbohydrates
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9
Q

Define simple carbohydrates, and examples of foods that contain them

A

They are contained in foods that can easily be broken down by the body as a quick source of energy.
Eg: Sugar, Fruit

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10
Q

Define complex carbohydrates, and examples of foods that contain them

A

They are contained in foods that have to be broken by the body slowly.
Eg: Pasta, Bread

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11
Q

What are the functions of Lipids?

A
  • They protect your organs from damage
  • They provide a layer of insulation to keep you warm.
  • They provide you with a store of energy
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12
Q

What is the function of Protien?

A

To grow and repair your bones and tissues. Immune systems, muscles and organs are mostly made of protiens.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of vitamins and minerals?

A

They keep you healthy, and are needed for you to grow, function and develop normally, but are only needed in tiny amounts.

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14
Q

Why does your body need dietary fibre?

A

This is undigestable fibre from plants taht provide bulk for food to pass through your gut comfortably and prevent constipaation.

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15
Q

How do you test food for starch?

A
  1. Add a few drops of iodine to the food solution
  2. If it turns indigo-blue, it contains starch, if it doesnt, it will remain iodine’s yellow-brown colour.
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16
Q

How do you test food for lipids?

A
  • If the food is solid:
    1. Place some of the food on filter paper.
    2. If lipids are present it will have a transulcent stain.
  • If it’s a solution
    1. Pour some ethanol into a testube of the solution
    2. Shake the test tube and leave for one minute.
    3. Pour out the ethanol solution into some water.
    4. If lipids are present, the water will turn cloudy.
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17
Q

How to test for Sugar?

A
  1. Add a few drops of Benedicts solution into the food solution
  2. Heat the test tube for one minute
  3. If the solution has turned brick-red, suagr is present.
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18
Q

How to test food for Protein?

A
  1. Add some copper sulfate (pale-blue) solution to the food solution.
  2. Then add some sodium Hydroxide (colourless) to the solution.
  3. If protien is present, the solution will turn purple.
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19
Q

How is energy in food measured?

A

In Joules (J) or kilojoules (kJ)

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20
Q

What is starvation?

A

Extreme cases of people not eating enough food they require.

21
Q

What leads to people being underweight?

A

When energy in the food you consume is less than the energy you use, you lose body mass, this leads to people being underweight.

22
Q

State 3 problems could underweight people face?

A
  • Feeling tried or lethargic all the time.
  • Lack of vitamins or minerals.
  • Suffer from health problems, like weak immune system.
23
Q

What do you mean when someone is ‘obese’?

A

They are severely overweight.

23
Q

What do you mean when someone is overweight?

A

When someone eats too much, or consumes too much fatty foods, they consume more energy than their body needs, so body mass increases. This is stored under the skin as fat.

24
Q

State three health problems obese people are in risk of having.

A
  • Heart disease
  • Stroke
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Some cancers
25
Q

What is meant by a ‘defficiency’?

A

When somone lacks a certain vitamin or mineral, so they face health problems, this is called a defficiency.

26
Q

What health probelm does lack of Vitamin A cause?

A

Night blindness

27
Q

What health probelm does lack of Vitamin D cause?

A

Rickets

28
Q

What does your amount of required energy depend on?

A

Your age, body size and activeness.

29
Q

What is the ‘digestive system’?

A

A group of organs that help in digesting food you consume

30
Q

What is meant by digestion?

A

Breaking down food particles into smaller, usable particles to be absorbed into the blood.

31
Q

State the function of the mouth

A

Food is mixed here with saliva, teeth help break food into smaller chunks.

32
Q

State the function of the gullet.

A

The food passes to the stomach through here.

33
Q

State the function of the stomach.

A

Food is mixed with digestive juices and acids

34
Q

State the function of the small intestine.

A

Uses digestive enzymes from liver and pancreas to break down food further. Small molecules pass through the wall of small intestine to the bloodstream.

35
Q

State the function of the large intestine

A

Only undigestable food gets this far. Water is reabsorbed and the solid undigested food called faeces passes to the rectum.

36
Q

State the function of the rectum.

A

Faeces are stored here until ready to be expelled out.

37
Q

State the function of the anus.

A

The anus is a muscular ring from which faeces pass from the body

38
Q

Why does the small intestine does absorb food quickly?

A

To absorb nutrients before the undigested food passes out of the body.

39
Q

How is the small intestine adapted to absorb nutrients quickly?

A

It has thin walls and tiny structures called villi to increase surface area which have blood capillaries to carry away absorbeed molecules.

40
Q

Why are microorganisms importnat for your digestive system?

A

The microogranisms produce vitmains like vitamin K, and help to break down food.

41
Q

What kind of foods contain these gut bacteria?

A

Probiotic foods

42
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Enzymes are a protein that can break larger molecules of food into smaller ones to get absorbed faster

43
Q

What are biological catalysts?

A

They speed up reactions without getting used up. eg: enzymes

44
Q

State 3 enzymes

A
  • Carbohydrase
  • Lipase
  • Protease
45
Q

What is carbohydrase

A

An enzyme in saliva, stomach and small intestine.
CARBOHYDRATES -> SUGAR

46
Q

What is protease?

A

An enzyme in the small intesetine and stomach.
PROTEIN -> AMINO ACIDS

47
Q

What is lipase?

A

An enzyme in the small intestine, helped by bile, whcih reduces lipids into smaller droplets, easier for lipase to work with.
LIPIDS -> FATTY ACIDS+GLYCEROL

Science Assessment- may (13 decks)

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