Food And Digestion🍔🍗 Flashcards
6 major nutrients
Carbohydrate, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals and water
Carbohydrates
Sugars e.g. Glucose and sucrose, starch (potatoes) fibre (stops constipation)
Fats
Also called lipids e.g. Butter, lard, oil, (cod liver oil). It stores energy in our body and the layer of fat just under our skin gives our body insulation e.g. Milk and dairy products
Proteins
Help to grow and repair muscle tissue e.g. Meat, fish, eggs, milk
Vitamin c
Found in citrus fruits, green veg, turnips. Function is to connective tissue, deficiency leads to bleeding gums and teeth
Loss (scurvy)
Vitamin d
“Sunshine vitamin” found in cod liver oil, super milk, and in sunlight. Function is healthy teeth and bones (absorb calcium), deficiency leads to rickets.
Calcium
Found in milk and cheese to form healthy bones In animals and cell walls In plant cells
Iron
Found in liver, green veg to form haemogoblin in red blood cells to transport oxygen around the body.deficiency leads to anaemia (very tired)
Balanced diet
The right amounts of nutrients to stay healthy
Food pyramid
A guide to how much of each food should be eaten for a healthy diet
Fibre or roughage
Passes through the digestive system to make sure it is in good working order and avoid constipation
Water
Makes up 60-70% of the human body, one can only survive a few days without it, it transports substances around the body, it removes wastes from the body and controls body temperature
Solvent
Water must dissolve substances os chemical reactions can occur In the cell
Chemical energy
Food gives us the chemical energy we need for all of our daily activities
Balanced diet is dependant
On a persons age, (young people need mor food than older people and males need more food than females) sex, lifestyle and general health
(More active people need more food than inactive people
Insistors
Have sharp edges like a chisel. They are used to cut, slice and nibble food
Eating
Food is taken in by the body
Digestion
Food is broken down
Absorption
Digested food passes into the bloodstream
Elimination
Getting rid of undigested food
Test for starch (bread)
Iodine solution, none and blue/black
Reducing sugar (jam)
Benedict solution, heat gently and blue too brick-red
Protein (egg white)
Biuret, none and blue too violet
Fats (oil)
Nothing, rub onto brown paper, translucent spot
Stages of nutrition
Eating, digestion, absorption and elimination
Physical digestion
Taking large pieces of food and breaking it down into small pieces
Chemical digestion
Uses enzymes. Enzymes are chemicals that speed up reactions without being used in the reaction
Substrate enzyme product
Starch, amylase, saliva and maltose
Most chemical digestion happens in
Small intestines
Bile
Made in liver to break down fats
Pancreas
Makes digestive juice which contain enzymes
Mouth
Physical (teeth) and chemical (amylase) digestion
Oesophagus
Brings food from mouth to stomach
Liver
Makes bile (breaks down fats)
Stomach
Physical (churning) and chemical (stomach enzymes) digestion
Large intestine
Water reabsorption happens here
Rectum
Stores undigested food
Anus
Undigested food passes out
Gall bladder
Where bile is stored
Product
The substance produced as a result of the reaction of an enzyme
Substrate
The substance that enzyme acts on
Food is needed for
Energy, growth, repair and protection from disease
