FoM:L4 - Acute and Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
1
Q
What are the main cellular infiltrates in acute and chronic inflammation?
A
acute: neutrophils
chronic: macrophages and lymphocytes
2
Q
What are the cells of inflammation?
A
- leucocytes
- tissue resident immune cells (dendritic, mast, macrophages)
- phagocytes
3
Q
What are neutrophils?
A
- phagocytes
- key in acute inflammation
- first to be recruited
4
Q
What are macrophages?
A
- phagocytes
- coordinate immune response (cell-cell interactions, secretion of cytokines, antigen presening)
5
Q
What are mast cells?
A
immune cells that contain:
- preformed mediators
- newly synthesised eicosanoids
- cytokines
6
Q
What are basophils?
A
- resemble mast cells
- confined to bloodstream
7
Q
What are 3 granular polymorphonuclear leucocytes?
A
- eosinophil
- neutrophil
- basophil
8
Q
What are mediators of inflammation?
A
- cytokines: inflammatory mediators
- polypeptides or glycoproteins
- bind to receptors and generally effect gene transcription
9
Q
What cells secrete cytokines?
A
- inflammatory cells
- fibroblasts
- epithelial cells
- endothelial cells
10
Q
What are 3 features of acute inflammation?
A
- dilation of small vessels
- increased permeability of microvasculature
- emigration of leucocytes from microcirculation
11
Q
What are the key features of chronic inflammation?
A
- dominated by lymphocytes (mononuclear cells)
- prolonged reaction to persistent stimuli
12
Q
What are scars produced by?
A
granulation tissue (endothelial cells, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, inflammatory cells)
13
Q
What happens as granulation tissue matures?
A
- inflammatory cells leave
- collagen increases
- new blood supply, fewer capillaries needed
- dense fibrous tissue
14
Q
What is the function of granulation tissue?
A
- replaces damaged tissue
- scar restores physical integrity
