FoM:L1 - Inflammation Flashcards
1
Q
What is inflammation?
A
- coordinated response
- vascularised tissue
- response to injury or the presence of microorganisms
2
Q
What are the 4 main signs of inflammation?
A
pain, redness, swelling, heat
3
Q
What are the vascular events that occur in inflammation?
A
- increased blood flow
- increased permeability of capillaries and venules
- excess plasma taken up by lymphatic system
4
Q
What is exudate?
A
protein-rich plasma fluid that leaves blood vessels to go to the site of inflammation
5
Q
What are the cellular events that happen in inflammation?
A
- adhesion
- emigration
6
Q
What are the consequences of exudation?
A
- increased lymphatic flow
- oedema (as fluid exceeds the capacity of lymph system)
7
Q
What is adhesion?
A
- WBC stick to endothelial walls of venules/capillaries
- selectin (integrin) molecules (glycoproteins) increase in response to inflammation - which increases adhesion
8
Q
What are the functions of inflammatory cells?
A
- phagocytosis
- antibodies
- killing infected host cells
- control inflammatory reaction
9
Q
What cellular interactions control inflammation?
A
- chemical messengers (cytokines, complement, clotting factors, prostaglandins)
- cell-cell interaction
- pro or anti inflammatory
10
Q
outline the systemic effects of inflammation
A
- mediated by cytokines
- pyrexia/fever
- malaise - tiredness
- anorexia - loss of appetite
- weight loss
- leucocytosis (Increased WBC)
- acute phase proteins
11
Q
What are neutrophils?
A
- wbc
- principal function to phagocytose bacteria
- first WBC to enter tissue from the blood
12
Q
What is pus?
A
- neutrophils, bacteria, dead tissue and exudate
- typical of pyogenic bacteria
13
Q
What is an abscess?
A
a collection of pus in a tissue in the body
- treated by drainage as well as antibiotics
14
Q
What is an empyema?
A
a collection of pus in a pre-existing cavity
15
Q
What cells are present in chronic inflammation?
A
- lymphocytes
- Eosinophils
- plasma cells
- macrophages
