FoM:L2 - Cell death Flashcards
1
Q
What is apoptosis?
A
- programmed cell death
- requires ATP
1
Q
What cellular components are affected by cell damage?
A
- mitochondria
- ionic channels
- proteins
- DNA
- cell membrane
- cytoskeleton
2
Q
What are the 6 types of Necrosis?
A
- coagulative - ischaemia, solid organs
- liquefactive - due to enzymes (brain)
- caseous - TB
- fat - breast/pancreas
- fibrinoid - damaged arteries
- haemorrhagic - dead tissue, packed w RBC, blocked venous drainage
3
Q
Outline the process of apoptosis
A
- Initiation: apoptosis stimulated by Bax protein and pores form in mitochondrial membrane
- Execution: activation of initiator and executioner caspases which lead to endonuclease activation, breakdown of cytoskeleton and apoptotic body formation
- Disposal: phagocytosis by macrophages and/or adjacent epithelial cells
4
Q
What is gangrene?
A
- dead black tissue
- dry = coagulative
- wet = infected with gram -ve bacteria
5
Q
What are the advantages of apoptosis?
A
- no damage to surrounding tissues
- recycled contents
- no inflammation
6
Q
What is necrosis?
A
- passive cell death
- damage to cell membranes - if it is disrupted the cell will die
- swelling
- lysosomes released, hydrolyse cell components
7
Q
What is infarction?
A
necrosis caused by ischaemia
8
Q
What is autolysis?
A
death of cells due to the release of lysosomes
- occurs after death or removal of tissue
