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Ross Therio > Follicular Physiology > Flashcards

Follicular Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which species is seasonally polyestrus?

A

Horse

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2
Q

What are the 4 major events of the follicular phase?

A
  1. Rising levels of GnRH release from anterior pituitary
  2. Follicular growth/prep for ovulation
  3. Sexual receptivity
  4. OVULATION
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3
Q

What is the major hormone in the Follicular phase?

A

Estrogen!

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4
Q

What are the two main “players” of the follicular phase?

A

Tonic & Surge center of the hypothalamus

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5
Q

What “turns on” the surge center of the hypothalamus?

A

Once E2 reaches a threshold level

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6
Q

The tonic center releases small amplitude pulses of _____ that stimulate the release of ___ & ___ from the Anterior Pituitary.

A

The tonic center releases small amplitude pulses of GnRH that stimulate the release of FSH & LH from the Anterior Pituitary.

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7
Q

FSH & LH cause the growth & development of ______, which produce______, on the ovary

A

Follicles, Estrogen

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8
Q

The surge center responds in a positive feedback fashion to the increasing levels of _____ from the follicle in the absence of _____ to release large quantities of _____.

A

Estrogen, Progesterone, GnRH

The surge center responds in a positive feedback fashion to the increasing levels of ESTROGEN from the follicle in the absence of PROGESTERONE to release large quantities of GNRH.

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9
Q

The large quantities of GnRH from the surge center causes the preovulatory ___ surge which leads to ____.

A

LH, Ovulation

The large quantities of GnRH from the surge center causes the preovulatory LH surge which leads to OVULATION.

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10
Q

The proestrual follicular development, in response to FSH & LH, allows the follicle to release estrogen & _____ which then causes a decrease in _____.

A

Inhibin, FSH

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11
Q

The increase in estrogen from follicular development has positive feedback on the _______.

A

Surge center of the hypothalamus

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12
Q

The increase in estrogen from follicular development has negative feedback on _______.

A

FSH

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13
Q

Progesterone has a _____ feedback at the level of the hypothalamus on GnRH.

A

Negative

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14
Q

What happens to the following hormone’s levels during the follicular phase?

P4:
E2:
FSH:
LH:

A

P4: decrease
E2: increase
FSH: increases then sharply decreases before ovulation
LH: Increases at same rate as FSH and then increases sharply at the same time FSH decreases

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15
Q

Process of choosing of small antral follicles from ovarian pool

A

Recruitment

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16
Q

Process of choosing from the recruited follicles

A

Selection

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17
Q

Selected follicles that do NOT undergo atresia but instead undergo ovulation

A

Dominant follicles

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18
Q

Where the antrum disappears from an Antral follicle

A

Atresia

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19
Q

What is the name, size , and amount of estrogen produce by the follicles that are recruited from the ovarian follicular pool?

A

F1

20
Q

What is the name, size , and amount of estrogen produce by the follicles that are selected from the F1 group?

A

F2
5-12 mm
Medium amount of E2

21
Q

What is the name, size , and amount of estrogen produce by the follicles that are dominant from the F2 group?

A

F3
>12 mm
Larges amount of E2

22
Q

What is the difference in the number of F3’s in a dog vs. a horse?

A

Horses only have 1, maybe two since they bear a single offspring

Dogs have multiples since they are litter bearers

23
Q

How does an F3 feel different from a CL?

A

F3 is more fluidy while a CL feels more like a gummy bear head and protrudes out more

24
Q

What are the levels of FSH, LH, Inhibin, and E2 during Recruitment?

A

FSH: High
LH: Low
Inhibin: 0
E2: 0

25
Q

What are the levels of FSH, LH, Inhibin, and E2 during Selection

A

All at medium levels

26
Q

What are the levels of FSH, LH, Inhibin, and E2 during dominance?

A

FSH: Low
LH: High
Inhibin: High
E2: High

27
Q

What cell membranes does LH bind to on an antral follicle?

A

Theca interna cells

28
Q

What is LH broken down into at theca interna cell membranes by a protein kinase?

A

Testosterone

29
Q

What inner cell type of an antral follicle does testosterone, from the breakdown of LH, bind to?

A

Granulosa cell

30
Q

What binds to granulosa cells and causes the b/d of T4 to estrogen?

A

FSH

31
Q

The preovulatory LH surge causes an increased blood flow to ____ & _____ which creates _____.

A

Ovary & dominant follicle

Edema

32
Q

The preovulatory LH surge causes an increase in ______ which causes the contraction of ovarian smooth muscle and release of lysosomal enzymes.

A

PGF2a

33
Q

The increase in PGF2a causes an increase in contraction of ____________ which in turns increases ______ pressure.

A

Ovarian smooth muscle; Follicular pressure

34
Q

What are the two causes of increased follicular pressure brought on by the preovulatory LH surge?

A

Increased ovarian smooth muscle contraction(from increased PGF2a)

Edema(from increased blood flow to ovary & dominant follicle)

35
Q

The preovulatory LH surge causes a shift from E2 to ____ by the dominant follicle

A

Progesterone

36
Q

Progesterone increased by the preovulatory LH surge causes an increase in ______ which helps with follicle wall ______.

A

Collagenases; weakening

37
Q

What are the two causes of follicular wall weakening brought on by the preovulatory LH surge?

A

Release of lysosomal enzymes(brought on by PGF2a)

Increase in Collagenases(brought on by progesterone)

38
Q

The increased follicular pressure and the weakening of the follicular wall associated with the preovulatory LH surge leads to _____.

A

Ovulation

39
Q

The preovulatory LH surge causes gap junction breakdown between _______ & _______.

A

Granulosa cells, Oocyte

40
Q

What are the 5 actions brought on by the preovulatory LH surge?

A
  1. Increased PGE2
  2. Increased blood flow to ovary & dominant follicle(also helped by the increase PGE2)
  3. Increased PGF2a
  4. Shift from E2 to P4 by dominant follicle
  5. Gap junction b/d between granulosa cells & oocyte
41
Q

Females are born with primary oocytes which are arrested in the 1st meiotic division until what?

A

LH surge

42
Q

What does a primary oocyte become with an LH surge?

A

Secondary oocyte with 1st polar body

43
Q

What brings on the production of a 2nd polar body?

A

Ovulation–>2nd meiotic division

44
Q

What is a fertilized secondary oocyte called?

A

Zygote

45
Q

What is the only species that ovulates a primary oocyte?

A

DOGS!!!!!!!

46
Q

What type of oocyte do most species ovulate?

A

Secondary oocyte with 1 polar body

Ross Therio (10 decks)

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