Eutocia & Dystocia Flashcards

1
Q

What are cows called “springers” when it comes to pre-parturient changes?

A

Their sacorciatic & sacrotuberous ligaments relax causing their tail head to raise & their butts to bounce

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2
Q

When does udder edema & milk production begin pre-partum?

A

~1-2 weeks prior

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3
Q

What hormone(s) causes myometrial contractions?

A

Estrogen(directly) & PGF2a

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4
Q

Fetal stress leads to an increase in fetal _____ which becomes fetal ____

A

ACTH, Cortisol

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5
Q

Where does the hormone Relaxin come from and what does it do?

A

Luteal cell of ovary

Relaxation of pelvic ligaments

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6
Q

The maturation of the fetal ______-_____-_____ _____ is the start of the triggers of parturtion.

A

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal axis

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7
Q

The maturation of the fetal Hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal axis allows increased sensitivity of the fetal adrenal glands to what?

A

ACTH

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8
Q

What occurs in stage 1 of eutocia?

A

Initiation of myometrial contractions

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9
Q

What occurs in stage 2 of eutocia?

A

Explusion of the fetus

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10
Q

What occurs in stage 3 of eutocia?

A

Expulsion of fetal membranes

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11
Q

What initiates stage 1 of parturition?

A

The fetus!- Fetal cortisol

from the ACTH released by the fetus’s adrenal glands

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12
Q

Where do myometrial contractions begin in a monotocous species versus polytocous species?

A

Mono: Apex of pregnant horn

Poly: Cranial to most caudal fetus

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13
Q

Which species rotate into position during stage 1 of parturition?

A

Horses

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14
Q

What is the “water breaking” signify?

A

Rupture of the chorioalloantoic membrane and the end of stage 1

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15
Q

What is it called when the wedging of fetus into cervical canal stimulates oxytocin release, which stimulates more uterine contractions, etc.

A

Ferguson’s reflex

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16
Q

What ruptures in Stage 1? What ruptures in stage 2?

A

Stage 1: Chorio-allantois

Stage 2: Amnion

17
Q

At what stage does Ferguson’s reflex come into play?

18
Q

The relationship of the spinal axis of the fetus to that of the dam and the portion of the fetus that is entering the birth canal.

A

Presentation

  • Longitudinal:cranial or caudal
  • Transverse: ventral or dorsal
19
Q

What are the “3 P’s” of parturition?

A

Presentation
Position
Posture

20
Q

Anatomic relationship of the dorsum of the fetus relative to the maternal

A

Position

  • Dorso-sacral=normal
  • Dorso-pubic/Ventro-sacral=upside down
  • Dorso-ilial=curved but upright
21
Q

Anatomic relationship of the fetal extremities to its own body

22
Q

Using the “3 P’s” describe the normal way a calf should come out

A

Anterior
Dorso-sacral
Head & front limbs extended

23
Q

Using the “3 P’s” describe the normal posterior way a calf should come out

A

Posterior
Dorso-illiac
Hindlimbs extended

24
Q

Which species has the highest & lowest rates of dystocia?

A

Highest-Cattle

Lowest-cats

25
What are the 3 maternal causes of dystocia?
Primary Uterine Inertia Secondary Uterine Inertia Abnormalities of birth canal
26
What are the 3 fetal causes of dystocia?
Abnormal PPP Fetal Monster Fetal oversize
27
What cause of dystocia is characterized by the dam never progressing to stage 2 labor?
Primary Uterine Inertia
28
T/F: The Cervix is usually dilated on exam of a primary uterine inertia dystocia.
True
29
What cause of dystocia is characterized by exhaustion of myometrium after prolonged attempts to deliver fetus?
Secondary Uterine Inertia
30
What cause of dystocia is characterized by incomplete cervical dilation?
Abnormalities of birth canal
31
Hypo_____ can lead to uterine inertia.
HypoCALCEMIA