Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Production > Follicles and CL > Flashcards

Follicles and CL Flashcards

1
Q

Function of ovary

A

-develop female oocyte for fertilization
-produce and secrete sex steroid hormones that regulate reproductive health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ovary structure

A

-has 2 regions: outer cortex and inner medulla (opposite in horses)

-cortex has ovarian follicles
-medulla has blood vessels, nerves, connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Folliculogenesis

A

The developmental process of ovarian follicles starting from a reserve of quiescent primordial follicles set up in early life and ending with ovulation OR atresia (follicle death)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stages of follicles

A
  1. Primordial
  2. Primary
  3. Early secondary
  4. Secondary
  5. Antral
  6. Preovulatory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Follicle phases

A
  1. Resting phase (primordial follicles)
  2. Growth phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gonad development stages

A

Initially, Bipotential gonads meaning they can become either the testes or ovary

Then if cellular events occur correctly, will become ovary or testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gonad transformation events needed to become ovary

A
  1. supporting cells become granulosa cells
  2. steroidogenic cell precursors become theca cells
  3. Primordial germ cells become oocytes through oogenesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does development of ovary occur?

A

Starts at the mesonephric surface epithelium in the location of the future gonadal ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Development steps of primordial follicles

A
  1. Development of the ovary starts at mesonephric surface epithelium
  2. Mesonephric surface epithelial cells change phenotype into gonadal ridge epithelial-like (GREL) cells
    3.GREL cells proliferated, basal lamina underneath breaks down allowing stromal cells to penetrate into gonadal ridge
  3. GREL cells continue proliferation, and primordial germ cells migrate to ridge between them
  4. Oogonia proliferate and stroma penetrates towards the ovarian surface, enclosing the oogonia and GREL cells into ovigerous cords
  5. Compartmentalization occurs in cortex and medulla. GREL cells at surface align to basal lamina and start differentiation into typical ovarian surface epithelium
  6. Ovigerous cords are partitioned into smaller cords and eventually follicles which contain GREL cells forming granulosa cells and oogonia= oocytes
  7. Surface epithelium becomes single layered and tunica albuginea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Primordial follicle structure

A

-consist of primary oocyte, surrounded by single layer of flat follicular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Distribution of primordial follicles in ruminants vs carnivores

A

Ruminants: equally distributed

Carnivores: follicles in clusters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Primary follicles

A

-Epithelium is cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Secondary follicles

A

A follicle with 2-6 layers of granulosa cells

-also have additional somatic theca cell layer (steroid producing)
-also has initial deposition of zona pellucida material (glycoprotein layer secreted by oocyte and granulosa cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tertiary (antral) follicle

A

Follicles with more than 6 layers of granulosa cells and a fluid filled antrum

-Will have fully developed zona pellucida, development of internal and external theca cell layers, and cumulus cell formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Graafian (preovulatory) follicles

A

-most mature stage

-granulosa cells are producing estradiol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Layers of preovulatory follcles

A
  1. zona pellucida
  2. corona radiata
  3. cumulus oophorus
  4. antrum
  5. membrana granulosa
  6. theca interna
  7. theca externa
17
Q

Zona pellucida

A

surrounds the oocyte and located between the oocyte and follicular cells

18
Q

Corona radiata

A

the first layer of follicular granulosa cells outside the zona pellucida

19
Q

Cumulus oophorus

A

a thick mound of granulosa cells that surround the oocyte and projects into the antrum

20
Q

Antrum

A

the fluid filled space of an antral follicle

21
Q

Membrana granulosa

A

the layer of granulosa cells bordering the antrum

22
Q

Theca interna

A

these cells are endocrine-like and border the membrana granulosa

23
Q

Theca externa

A

Fibroblast-resembling cells just outside the theca interna. The exterior limits of the theca externa are not discernible because it blends and merges with other cells of ovarian stroma

24
Q

Atretic (regressing) follicles

A

Follicles undergoing atresia = active cellular process with resorption of the follicle involving macrophage infiltration, phagocytosis, migration of fibroblasts form the theca and production of collagen

**can occur in any follicular phases.
Not all graafian follicles ovulate!

25
Q

Types of ovulation

A
  1. spontaneous
  2. induced
26
Q

What occurs to follicles near ovulation?

A

Blood supply increases and the follicular wall becomes thin and transparent near the future site of ovulation

27
Q

Oocyte development

A

1.Primordial germ cells migrate to gonadal ridges and proliferate during mitosis
2. In gonadal ridges, differentiate to oogonia
3. Oogonia undergo rounds of mitotic division= increasing in number
4. Oogonia enter meiosis I = primary oocytes. Primary oocytes initiate meiosis but are arrested in diplotene stage of prophase I.
6. Primary oocyte complete meiotic division immediately before ovulation= secondary oocyte and a first polar body.
*first division is completed shortly after ovulation in dog and mare

28
Q

LH surge in oocyte development

A

Need LH surge required to change from primary to secondary oocytes

29
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

A transient endocrine gland that develops from a Graafian follicle after ovulation and is required to support pregnancy in mammals.

-produces progesterone

30
Q

Corpus hemorrhagicum

A

Forms once ovulation of graffian follicle has occurred, blood derived from torn blood vessels of the theca layer infiltrates the collapsed follicle.

Stage before corpus luteum

31
Q

Formation of corupus luteum from corpus hemorrhagicum

A
  1. Luteinization:
    Remaining granulosa cells and theca interna cells undergo hypertrophy, proliferate and invade the corpus hemorrhagicum. This transforms them into granulosa lutein cells and theca lutein cells.
  2. Results in yellow structure due to the lutein (cows, dogs, cats, horses) and other lipid pigments (ewes and sows)
32
Q

Timeline of CL

A

Fully developed by 9 days after ovulation in cow, continues to grow until 12 days and regresses in late diestrus

33
Q

Corpus albicans

A

-Occurs when CL degenerates after a certain length of time (dependent on species).
>involves condensation of lutein pigment and degeneration of luteal cells. Luteal cells replaced by connective tissue= White body (albicans)

Animal Production (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions