Folding, Body Partitions, and Lateral Folding

Question 1

What partition separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

Answer 1

diaphragm

Question 2

What four subcomponents define the diaphragm?

Answer 2

septum transversum, pleuropotential membranes, dorsal mesoderm, esophageal mesoderm

Question 3

When is the embryonic stage of lung development?

Answer 3

4-7 weeks

Question 4

When is the pseudoglandular stage of lung development?

Answer 4

5-17 weeks

Question 5

When is the canalicular stage of lung development?

Answer 5

16-25 weeks

Question 6

When is the terminal sac stage of lung development?

Answer 6

24 weeks - birth

Question 7

When is the alveolar stage of lung development?

Answer 7

8 months - 8 years

Question 8

What defines the embryonic stage of lung development?

Answer 8

lung buds, lung lobes, bronchopulmonary segments

Question 9

What defines the pseudoglandular stage of lung development?

Answer 9

lung looks like a gland, all major passages are present except those for gas exchange

Question 10

What defines the canalicular stage of lung development?

Answer 10

enlargement of bronchi and bronchioles, terminal sacs present by end of period, surfactant is present by 20 weeks (not enough)

Question 11

What defines the terminal sac stage of lung development?

Answer 11

terminal sacs multiply, lining thins, capillarity increases, there is enough surfactant to prevent lung collapse

Question 12

What defines the alveolar stage of lung development?

Answer 12

terminal sacs continue to differentiate to alveolar ducts;
birth - 3 years
increase in number of alveoli and respiratory bronchioles
3-8 years
increase in number and size of alveoli

Question 13

What is the respiration rate of newborns? Adults?

Answer 13

40-80/min, 12-18/min

Question 14

What is tracheal esophageal fistula?

Answer 14

esophageal atresia, extra amniotic fluid, fluid doesn’t reach intestine

Question 15

What is congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

Answer 15

failure in diaphragm precursors to properly fuse, leading to malformation of lungs and heart as GI contents invade

Question 16

What is respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 16

lack of surfacent which reduces surface tension and prevents collapse; can lead to detachment of alveolar lining

Question 17

SIDS

Answer 17

insufficient development of medulla respiratory control centers

Question 18

cystic fibrosis

Answer 18

faulty gene leads to abnormal Cl channels; less Cl exits, less water follows; thick mucous clogs lungs, liver, and pancreas