Cranial Nerves, Branchial Arches, Pharyngeal Pouches

Question 1

preotic somites

Answer 1

form extrinsic eye muscles
CN III,IV,VI

Question 2

epaxial dorsal mesoderm

Answer 2

extensors of head, neck, and back

Question 3

hypoxia dorsal mesoderm

Answer 3

flexors of back, diaphragm, hypobranchial, tongue

Question 4

somatic lateral place mesoderm

Answer 4

appendicular muscles (limbs)

Question 5

visceral splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm

Answer 5

heart, blood vessels

Question 6

branchial splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm

Answer 6

CN V,VII,IX,X,XI
muscles of mastication, facial expression, pharynx, larynx

Question 7

Nerve V

Answer 7

trigeminal
sensory: head and mouth, tongue (not taste), temperature, pressure, pain
motor: signals to mastication and ear

Question 8

Nerve VII

Answer 8

facial
sensory: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue, proprioception from facial muscles
motor: contraction of muscles of facial expression

Question 9

Nerve IX

Answer 9

glossopharyngeal
sensory: taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue, monitoring of blood pressure pCO2 and pO2 to medulla
motor: contraction of muscles for swallowing and salivary secretion

Question 10

Nerve X

Answer 10

vagus
sensory: cardiac monitoring to medulla, monitoring of blood pressure pCO2 and pO2 to medulla
motor: contraction of muscles for swallowing, coughing, and speech, inhibits cardiac rate, stimulates GI function, movement, and secretion

Question 11

Nerve XII

Answer 11

hypoglossal
motor: contraction of tongue for swallowing, speaking and general movement

Question 12

What is the heritability pattern for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

Answer 12

recessive gene on short arm of X chromosome

Question 13

Who is most likely to be affected by Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

Answer 13

men bc it is recessive X linked (only need one copy)

Question 14

What are the results of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

Answer 14

fragile sarcolemma membrane, abnormal leaking of calcium to muscle, inflammation and immune system destruction of muscle fibers

Question 15

1st Branchial Arch

Answer 15

Nerve V
Aortic Arch I
bones: malleus, incus
muscles: muscles of mastication (master, temporals, pterygoids

Question 16

2nd Branchial Arch

Answer 16

Nerve VII
Aortic Arch II
bones: stapes, hyoid
muscle: tongue

Question 17

3rd Branchial Arch

Answer 17

Nerve IX
Aortic Arch III
bone: hyoid
muscles: throat, stylopharengeus, tongue

Question 18

4th Branchial Arch

Answer 18

Nerve X
Aortic Arch IV
muscles: pharyngeal, laryngeal, laryngeal cartilages

Question 19

1st Pharyngeal Pouch

Answer 19

middle ear chamber
closing plate: tympanic membrane
branchial cleft: external acoustic meatus

Question 20

2nd Pharyngeal Pouch

Answer 20

palatine tonsils

Question 21

3rd Pharyngeal Pouch

Answer 21

thymus, inferior parathyroid gland