FOI - A (Human Behavior and Effective Communication) Flashcards
Human Behavior and Effective Communication
What are “Self-esteem” needs?
Humans have a need for a stable, firmly based, high level of self-respect and respect from others. High self-esteem results in self-confidence, independence, achievement, competence, and knowledge.
What are “Aesthetic” needs?
Needs connect directly with human emotions. When someone likes another person or an object, the reasons are not examined — he or she simply likes it. This need can factor into the student-instructor relationship.
What are “Belonging” needs?
Students are usually out of their normal surroundings during training, and their need for association and belonging is more pronounced.
Define “Fantasy”
A student engages in daydreaming about how things should be rather than doing anything about how things are.
What are “Security” needs?
If a student does not feel safe, they cannot concentrate on learning.
How can flight instructors develop their instructional communication skills?
Role Playing
Instructional Communication
Listening
Questioning
Instructional Enhancement
What are the eight common defense mechanisms?
- Repression
- Denial
- Compensation
- Projection
- Rationalization
- Reaction Formation
- Fantasy
- Displacement
What are the three basic elements of communication?
Source – speaker, writer, or instructor
Symbols – words or signs
Receiver – listener, reader, or student
What is the definition of human behavior? (FAA-H-8083-9)
The product of factors that cause people to act in predictable ways. It can also be defined as the result of a person’s attempt to satisfy certain needs. A working knowledge of human behavior can help an instructor better understand students.
How can an instructor help students counter their anxieties?
by reinforcing the student’s enjoyment of flying and by teaching them to cope with their fears. An effective technique is to treat fears as a normal reaction, rather than ignoring them. Instructors should introduce certain types of operations and maneuvers (e.g., stalls) with care, so that students know what to expect and how to react.
Define “Compensation”
Students often attempt to disguise the presence of a weak or undesirable quality by emphasizing a more positive one.
What is the definition of anxiety and why is a student’s anxiety of concern to an instructor?
a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, often about something that is going to happen — typically something with an uncertain outcome. It results from the fear of anything, real or imagined, that threatens the person who experiences it, and may have a potent effect on actions and the ability to learn from perceptions.
Define “Denial”
A refusal to accept external reality because it is too threatening. Denial is the refusal to acknowledge what has happened, is happening, or will happen.
Explain the three characteristics that instructors must understand about their students before effective communication can take place.
a. Abilities — An instructor needs to determine the abilities of the student in order to properly communicate.
b. Attitudes — The attitudes that students exhibit may indicate resistance, willingness, or passive neutrality.
c. Experiences — Student experience, background, and educational level determine the approach an instructor takes.
Define “Reaction Formation”
Faking a belief opposite to the true belief because the true belief causes anxiety.
Name several techniques instructors can use to become better at listening to their students.
- Do not interrupt.
- Do not judge.
- Think before answering.
- Be close enough to hear.
- Watch non-verbal behavior.
- Beware of biases.
- Look for underlying feelings.
- Concentrate.
- Avoid rehearsing answers while listening.
- Do not insist on the last word.
What are “Self-actualization” needs?
A person’s need to be and do that which the person was “born to do.” Helping a student achieve his or her individual potential in aviation offers the greatest challenge as well as reward to the instructor.
Define “Displacement”
An unconscious shift of emotion, affect, or desire from the original object to a more acceptable, less-threatening substitute. It avoids the risk associated with feeling unpleasant emotions by transferring them toward someone or something unthreatening.
What are “Cognitive” needs?
Humans have a deep need to understand what is going on around them. When a person understands what is going on, he or she can either control the situation or make an informed choice about what steps might be taken next.
What are defense mechanisms?
subconscious ego-protecting reactions to unpleasant situations. They soften feelings of failure, alleviate feelings of guilt, help an individual cope with reality, and protect one’s self-image.
What are “Physiological needs”?
The need for air, food, water; unless these biological needs are met, a person cannot concentrate fully on learning.
What are some examples of a students abnormal reactions to stress?
The response to anxiety or stress may be completely absent or at least inadequate; response may be random or illogical or may be more than is called for by the situation.
Control of human behavior involves understanding human needs. What are these basic needs?
- Physiological
- Security
- Belonging
- Self-esteem
- Cognitive
- Aesthetic
- Self-actualization
What are the barriers to effective communications?
Confusion between the symbol and the symbolized object
Overuse of abstractions
Interference
Lack of common experience
Define “Rationalization”
Justifying actions that otherwise would be unacceptable; the substitution of excuses for reasons.
What are some examples of a student’s normal reactions to stress?
Responds rapidly and exactly within the limits of their experience and training; the individual thinks rationally, acts rapidly, and is extremely sensitie to all aspects of their surroundings.
Define “Repression”
A person places uncomfortable thoughts into inaccessible areas of the unconscious mind. Thoughts or information a person is unable to cope with are pushed away, to be dealt with at another time, or never.
