Fog Flashcards

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1
Q

When does Fog occur?

A

When visibility is less than 1000 metres irrespective of whether the obscurity is produced naturally by water droplets, or by solid particles, largely from human activity

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2
Q

When does thick fog occur?

A

When visibility is less than 200 metres.

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3
Q

When does dense fog occur?

A

When visibility is less than 50 metres.

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4
Q

What can dense and thick fog be grouped as?

A

Natural Hazards

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5
Q

What is freezing food composed of?

A

Supercooled water droplets

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6
Q

What is rime?

A

Feathery crystals of ice

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7
Q

What industry is a large build up of rime dangerous too?

A

Electricity supply industry

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8
Q

Why is rime dangerous to the electricity supply industry?

A

It can bring down overhead wires

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9
Q

When does smog occur?

A

When air pollution ,largely from the burning of fossil fuels, provides additional particles which act as extra condensation nuclei for fog to form around.

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10
Q

Where is smog most commonly found?

A

Eastern Europe, China and India.

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11
Q

Why is smog not as common in Western Europe?

A

Due to the Clean Air Acts causing the development of smokeless zones between 1956-1960

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12
Q

What is photochemical fog the result of?

A

Photochemical reactions between the ultra-violet radiation from the sun and hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen.

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13
Q

What does photochemical fog look like?

A

A city covered with a dense, yellowish glare.

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14
Q

Why is photochemical smog a health hazard?

A

Irritates the eyes and throat and causes higher risk of asthma.

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15
Q

What season is radiation fog most common?

A

Winter due to long cool nights.

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16
Q

What type of areas are affected by radiation fog?

A

Inland areas, especially low lying basins, valleys, moist areas with high relative humidity in evenings.

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17
Q

How does radiation fog form?

A

Cooling due to radiation from the ground on clear nights when the wind is slight. Typically during anticyclones.

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18
Q

How is radiation fog dispersed?

A

By sunset radiation or by increased winds

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19
Q

What seasons does Advection fog occur in?

A

Winter or Spring

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20
Q

Why type of areas are affected by advection fog?

A

Often widespread in inland regions

21
Q

How are advection fogs formed?

A

The cooling of warm air by cold ground

22
Q

How is advection fog dispersed?

A

Increased wind produces a lift in the cloud base. The fog is dispersed by the gradual warming of the ground.

23
Q

What seasons do you find over sea fog?

A

Spring and early Summer

24
Q

What type of areas are affected by over sea fog?

A

Sea and adjacent coats along the east coast of England.

25
Q

How are over sea fogs formed?

A

Warm air is cooled by passage over a colder sea

26
Q

How are over sea floods dispersed?

A

Change of air mass. They are often very persistent

27
Q

What season would you find a high inversion fog?

A

Winter

28
Q

What type of areas are affected by high inversion fogs?

A

Largely industrial areas at higher levels.

29
Q

How are high inversion fogs formed?

A

Cold air over land by higher level warm air - inversion associated with extreme stability of blocking anticyclones

30
Q

How are high inversion fogs dispersed?

A

Very persistent when it spreads down to form dense surface fog

31
Q

What seasons can you find upslope fog?

A

All seasons

32
Q

What type of areas are affected by upslope fog?

A

Higher ground

33
Q

How are upslope fogs formed?

A

Air blowing up a mountain side or gradually sloping plane is cooled.

34
Q

How are upslope fogs dispersed?

A

Increased winds

35
Q

What seasons can you find frontal fogs?

A

All seasons

36
Q

What type of areas are affected by frontal fog?

A

Higher ground

37
Q

How are frontal fogs formed?

A

Rain falls from warmer air into colder air.Lowering of the cloud base along the line of the front.

38
Q

How are frontal fogs dispersed?

A

Dispersed as the front moves and brings a change of air mass.

39
Q

What season can you find steam fog?

A

Winter

40
Q

What type of areas are affected by steam fog?

A

Riverine areas and lakes, rises from water like steam up to a height of 20m

41
Q

How is steam fog formed?

A

Reversed of advection fog. Current of cold air passes over warm water areas.

42
Q

How is steam fog dispersed?

A

Dispersed as air warms up. Usually only forms in the early mornings.

43
Q

What season are you more likely to find industrial smog?

A

Winter during anticyclones

44
Q

What type of areas are affected by industrial smog?

A

Industrial areas

45
Q

How is industrial smog formed?

A

Forms similarly to radiation fog. Pollution particles form nuclei on which droplets can form.

46
Q

How is industrial smog dispersed?

A

Dispersed by wind increase or by convection. Inversion lid leads to very persistent fog in stable anticyclonic air

47
Q

What season can you find photochemical smog?

A

Summer sunlight

48
Q

What type of areas are affected by photochemical smog?

A

Areas associated with high car use.

49
Q

Who is photochemical smog formed?

A

Result from photo-chemical reactions between ultra violet radiation from the sun and hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides.