Foetal problems

Question 1

What is the definition of SGA?

Answer 1

Estimated foetal weight <10th centile or

Abdo circumference <10th centile

Question 2

What placental factors can cause SGA?

Answer 2

Abnormal trophoblast invasion (pre-eclampsia)
Infarction
Abruption

Question 3

What pattern of growth restriction do placental factor cause?

Answer 3

Assymetrical growth restriction
Head sparing
Reduced abdo circumference

Question 4

What foetal factors can cause SGA?

Answer 4

Genetic abnormalities (Tri 13, 18 and 21 and turners syndrome
Congenital anomalies and infection (CMV, rubella)
Multiple pregnancy

Question 5

What are the major risk factors for SGA?

Answer 5

Maternal age >40
Smoker
Cocaine use
Previous SGA
Maternal/paternal SGA
Chronic hypertension
Diabetes
Renal impairment
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Heavy antepartum bleeding
Echogenic bowel
Pre-eclampsia
Low PAPPA

Question 6

What are the minor risk factors for SGA?

Answer 6

Maternal age >35
Nulliparity
BMI <20
IVF
Pregnancy induced hypertension

Question 7

What are the causes for large for gestation age?

Answer 7

Constitutionally large
Maternal diabetes
Obesity

Question 8

What is large for gestational age a risk for?

Answer 8

Birth injuries
Hypoglycaemia, hyporcalcaemia
Polycythemia
Left colon syndrome (temp bowel obstruction)