Foetal Anomalies

Question 1

What is oligohydroamnios?

Answer 1

Low volume of amniotic fluid

Question 2

What 5 conditions can cause oligohydroamnios?

Answer 2

1. Pre-eclampsia
2. Intrauterine growth restriction
3. Bilateral renal agenesis
4. Twin-to-twin tranfusion syndrome
5. Post-term gestation

Question 3

What is Potter sequence?

Answer 3

Bilateral renal agenesis AND pulmonary hypoplasia

Question 4

What is renal agenesis?

Answer 4

The complete absence of either one kidney (unilateral) or both kidneys (bilateral)

Question 5

What is pulmonary hypoplasia?

Answer 5

Small, underdeveloped lungs

Question 6

What are the symptoms of cholestasis in pregnancy?

Answer 6

1. Severe itching - this is how diagnosis is usually made clinically
2. Jaundice
3. Obstructive liver function tests
4. Normal WBC count
5. No evidence of coagulopathy

Question 7

What are the symptoms of acute fatty liver of pregnancy?

Answer 7

1. Malaise
2. Fatigue
3. Nausea

Mainly non-specific symptoms

Question 8

What are the 2 signs of early pre-eclampsia?

Answer 8

1. Hypertension
2. Proteinuria

Question 9

What are the signs and symptoms of later pre-eclampsia?

Answer 9

1. Severe headache
2. Vision problems (blurring/flashes)
3. Pain just below the ribs of RUQ (location of liver)
4. Vomiting
5. Sudden swelling of the face, hands or feet