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ASD Freshman Year > FoCS Chapter 1 and 2 > Flashcards

FoCS Chapter 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What was one of the earliest machines to perform arithmetic calculations?

A

The Chinese abacus.

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2
Q

When was the abacus invented?

A

About 5000 years ago.

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3
Q

Who made the first mechanical calculator? When was it made?

A

Wilhelm Schickard in 1623.

The Calculating Clock)

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4
Q

Who made the Punched Card? When was it made?

A

Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1801.

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5
Q

What is The Punched Card?

A

A loom where punched cards controlled the pattern woven. It was a landmark point in programmability.

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6
Q

True or False?

The series of cards couldn’t be changed without changing the mechanical design of the loom in The Punched Card.

A

False.

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7
Q

What is the defining feature of a “universal computer”?

A

It’s programmability.

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8
Q

What was Charles Baggage’s invention idea in 1837?

A

Charles Babbage described his analytical engine. It was the plan of a general-purpose programmable computer, employing punched cards for input and a steam engine for power.

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9
Q

True or False? Charles Baggage never got to finish his invention.

A

True

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10
Q

When was the first electronic calculator invented?

A

1961

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11
Q

What is the date range of the First Generation Computers?

A

(1940-1956)

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12
Q

What is the Colossus?

A

A computer used to break german code. It was the world’s first electronic computer.

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13
Q

What is the date range of the Second Generation Computers?

A

(1956-1963)

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14
Q

What is a transistor?

A

A semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. It replaced bulky power hungry vacuum tubes and mechanical relays.

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15
Q

What was so significant about the PDP-1?

A

It was the first interactive computer.

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16
Q

What is the date range of the Third Generation Computers?

A

(1964-1971)

17
Q

The microprocessor led to the development of what?

A

The microcomputer.

18
Q

What is the date range of the Fourth Generation Computers?

A

(1971-present)

19
Q

What is the date range of the Fifth Generation Computers?

A

(present and beyond)

20
Q

Description of First Generation Computers

A
  • Bulky vaccum tubes for circuitry
  • Magnetic drums for memory
  • Relied on machine language
21
Q

Description of Second Generation Computers

A
  • Transistors
  • Punched cards for input
  • Printouts for output
22
Q

Description of Third Generation Computers

A
  • Integrated circuits
  • Semiconductors (small transistors on silicon chips)
  • Keyboards and monitors
23
Q

Description of Fourth Generation Computers

A
  • Microprocessors
  • CPU
  • IBM, Macintosh
24
Q

Description of Fifth Generation Computers

A
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Parallel processing and superconductors
  • Quantum computation and nanotechnology
25
Q

Name all the parts of the basic blocks of a computer

A 
Input Unit
Output Unit
Memory Unit
Registers/Cache
ALU
CU
CPU
26
Q

Computer

A

A programmable machine that responds to a specific set of instructions and can execute a program.

27
Q

Microprocessor

A

A silicon chip that contains a CPU.

28
Q

Magnetic Drum

A

A direct-access storage device.

29
Q

Binary

A

Pertaining to a number system that has just two unique digits.

30
Q

Intergrated Circuit

A

Another name for a chip, a small electronic device made out of a semiconductor material.

31
Q

Semiconductor

A

A material that is neither a good conductor of electricity (like copper) nor a good insulator (like rubber).

32
Q

Nanotechnology

A

A field of science whose goal is to control individual atoms and molecules to create computer chips and other devices that are thousands of times smaller than current technologies permit.

33
Q

Machine Language

A

The lowest-level programming language. Machine languages are the only languages understood by computers.

34
Q

Assembly Language

A

A programming language that is once removed from a computer’s machine language.

35
Q

Artificial Intelligence

A

A wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned with building smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence.

ASD Freshman Year (24 decks)

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