Biology Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Qualitative

A

Data that uses descriptive information and is sensory-based

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2
Q

Quantitative

A

Numerical data used for statistical analysis

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3
Q

Independent Variable

A

The variable whose variations are not dependent on the other variables; the thing that changes

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4
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The variable that is affected by the independent variable; the thing we measure

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5
Q

Constants/controlled group

A

Constants remain the same for each trial or variation in an experiment. The control group is the variable that does not have any alterations to compare to the others.

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6
Q

Precision

A

The degree to which measurements agree with one another

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7
Q

Accuracy

A

The degree to which the experimental result agrees with the accepted value

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8
Q

Explain the relationship between independent and dependent variables within a hypothesis.

A

The independent variable directly affects the dependent variable

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9
Q

Difference between an observation and an inference.

A

An observation is a fact based on the 5 senses, while an inference is a guess about an observation.

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10
Q

Explain the difference between accuracy and precision, and the significance of having data that is both.

A

Accuracy is how “correct” your results are, while precision is how close your results are to one another. Both are useful for concluding different things about your experiment. Ex. How many times a person gets above a 90 on a test score, versus how many times a person gets a test score within a 5 point range from the other tests taken.

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11
Q

List the general steps in designing and conducting an experiment.

A
  1. Ask a question to define the purpose of an experiment
  2. Research and find what others have studied about this question
  3. Form a hypothesis (if IV, then DV, because…)
  4. Test hypothesis
  5. Analyze data by organizing results into charts or whatever fits you needs, as well as a written analysis
  6. Draw a conclusion stating whether the data is accurate or not to your hypothesis
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12
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and volume

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13
Q

Atom

A

The smallest complete unit of matter

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14
Q

Cell

A

A membrane bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life

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15
Q

Isotopes

A

2 or more forms of the same element

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16
Q

Valence electrons

A

The outermost electrons on the valence shell

17
Q

Compound

A

A pure substance of at least two elements combined

18
Q

Molecule

A

A combination of at least two atoms

19
Q

Surface tension

A

Measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid/resist an external force

20
Q

Solution

A

A homogeneous mixture of a solvent and solute

21
Q

Solute

A

The non-liquid material in a solution, in a smaller quantity than the solvent.

22
Q

Solvent

A

The liquid, bigger amount in a solution

23
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Chemical with a tendency to repel water

24
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Chemical with a tendency to bond with water

25
List the 6 elements necessary for life.
``` Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur (CHONPS) ```
26
List of the levels of organization that make up organisms, starting with the atom and ending with an organism.
``` Atom Molecule Cell Tissue Organ Organism ```
27
Describe the 3 components that make up the structure of the atom, including their charge and specific locations within the atom.
Protons (p+) are in the nucleus Neutrons (n°) are in the nucleus Electrons (e-) are outside the nucleus, in the electron cloud
28
Explain the difference between periods and groups and what each tells you about the atom.
Periods, the vertical row, show the energy levels (size) | Groups, the horizontal row, show the number of valence electrons
29
Differentiate between polar and nonpolar molecules
Polar molecules have unequal distribution of charges, and are hydrophilic Non polar molecules have no separation between charges and are hydrophobic
30
Describe the bonds that form between molecules and within a water molecule.
The partially positive hydrogen atom attaches to the partially negative oxygen atom of a different water molecule.This is called a hydrogen bond. Stronger covalent bonds hold the water molecules together internally. Weaker hydrogen bonds hold different water molecules externally.
31
Explain the properties of water that make it such a unique molecule.
Cohesion - It bonds to itself Adhesion - Bonds with other molecules High specific heat - The temperature does not change quickly Less dense as a solid - Solid ice is less dense than water Excellent Solvent - It’s polarity makes it the universal solvent
32
Be able to determine an atom’s atomic number, number of protons, neutrons, electrons, and mass number when given a Periodic Table.
Atomic number = # of protons and neutrons (in a neutral atom) Average atomic mass/atomic weight = Sum of protons and neutrons