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Equine Science Final > Foal Management > Flashcards

Foal Management Flashcards

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1
Q

Pre-foaling Mare Management (3)

A
  1. Good nutrition program
  2. Vaccinations: Herpes, Rota, and 1 month pre-foaling series
    Considerations- prior vaccination history
  3. Worming – 1 month prior
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2
Q

Fescue Toxicity:

Removal from pastures with fescue _____ prior to expected foaling date

A

60 to 90 d

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3
Q

_____ in grass causes fescue toxicity

A

Entophyte

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4
Q

Give 5 results of Fescue Toxicity

A 
Agalactia
Thicken placenta
Stillborn foals
Increased gestation length
Dystocia due to larger foals
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5
Q

Fescue toxicity causes a _____.

A

Decrease in levels of prolactin and progesterone

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6
Q

Treatment for Fescue toxicity

A

Domperidone

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7
Q

6 prep steps for parturition

A
  1. Herd Management – no overstocking
  2. Move to foaling premise ~ 4 wks. prior to expected foaling date
  3. Acclimation to handling
  4. Antibody development
  5. Ease of observation
  6. Inspect, repair and disinfect foaling stalls and barn repeatedly
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8
Q

Gestation average length

A

~ 340 days (range:335 – 350)

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9
Q

Foals born before _____ usually premature and non viable

A

320d

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10
Q

Foals born at _____ are considered abortions

A
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11
Q

Gestation length _____ foal starts to catabolize muscle due to placental insufficiency

A

> 360

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12
Q

Thin mares have a _____ gestation

A

Longer

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13
Q

Gestation length similar year to year for individual.

Seasonal affects – carry longer in winter than spring by _____

A

10 days

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14
Q

Fillies shorter gestation length by average of _____

A

3 days

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15
Q

Mare physical ∆s near parturition:
Mammary gland development begins _____ prior. Less pronounced in _____ mares. Running milk _____ prior. ∆s in electrolytes of _____.

A

2-6 weeks prior
Maiden mares
Hours prior
Colostrum

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16
Q

Mares have teat engorgement

A

7 days or less

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17
Q 
Mare physical ∆s near parturition:
Relaxation of broad ligament, muscle of pelvis and other surrounding
Relaxation of vulva \_\_\_\_\_ prior
Swelling of vulva \_\_\_\_\_ prior.
What else? 5 things
A
  1. 0 – 24 hrs. prior
  2. Hours prior
  3. Vaginal discharge
  4. Mucus plug
  5. Colicky, frequent urination
  6. Reduced feed intake or refusal
  7. Behavior changes in stall and field
18
Q

What is an NI screen?

A

Neonatal isoerythrolysis: looks for antibodies against foal in colostrum

19
Q

Colostrum can be a good indication of parturition due to electrolyte ∆s. How?

A

Na and Cl decrease
K and Ca increase
pH decrease

20
Q

If mare pH decreases to 6.4, then

A

You can be 97% certain the mare will foal within 24hr

21
Q

If mare pH > 6.4, then

A

You can be 99% certain the mare will NOT foal within 24hr

22
Q

Using 400mg/dl Calcium cut off:
If >:
If

A

90% certain that mare will foal within 24 hrs.

23
Q

Using 400mg/dl Calcium cut off:

If

A

98% certain that mare will not foal within 24 hrs.

24
Q

3 stages of labor

A

Positioning fetus
Delivery
Passing of the placenta

25
Q

Stage 1 of labor: Positioning fetus
What’s happening?
How is she acting?
How long does it last?

A
  • Uterine contractions
  • Mare can act colicky, urinate and lie down frequently, bite flanks, sweat, pace, paw etc.
  • Results in rupture of cervical star, thus amniotic sac appears through vulva and water breaks
  • Usually
26
Q

Stage 2 of labor: Delivery

How long does it last?

A

Proper delivery position check
Timeline: 30 min
Rest between contraction sets

27
Q

Stage 3 of labor: Passing of the placenta

A

Should pass within 2 hours

28
Q

If the placenta is retained, _____ then need to give _____

Adds weight to amniotic sac

A

> 2 hr; oxytocin

29
Q

This is when placenta detaches prematurely and cervical star has not ruptured

A

Red bag

30
Q

Once the foal’s chest is through vulva, _____

A

It can breathe on its own

31
Q

If NI+, foals that nurse will have

A

Killed RBCs and die

32
Q

What is a hippomane?

A

Urine salt from metabolism of the fetus

33
Q

Colostrum provides foal with

A

Passive immunity and a high IgG

34
Q

Good colostrum will be

A

Thick, sticky and yellow

35
Q

Foals must receive colostrum within 1st _____ of life

A

8-12 hrs

36
Q

If foals do not nurse within the first 2 hours of labor,

A

Need to feed colostrum

37
Q

Draw blood on foals to determine plasma IgG levels, WBC and Packed cell volume at _____

A

12 hrs. of age

38
Q

Plasma levels in foals should be > _____mg/dl

_____mg/dl OK if foal is healthy

A

800
400 – 600
Failure of passive transfer

39
Q

Take mares of fescue on day

A

300 of pregnancy

40
Q

Prolactin responds once off fescue in about _____

A

4 hours

41
Q

Once of fescue, progesterone takes _____ to get back to normal

A

10d

42
Q

Mules have a _____ gestation

A

Longer (Because of their ears haha)

Equine Science Final (4 decks)

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