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ASTC > Fly C > Flashcards

Fly C Flashcards

1
Q

supercooled droplets

A

liquid water droplets that remain unfrozen in below-freezing atmosphere temperatures.

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2
Q

When do supercooled droplets freeze

A

when they tough something solid like an airplane

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3
Q

why are supercooled droplets bad for planes

A
  • wings get less lift
  • adds weight
  • increases drag/decreases thrust
  • prevents you from seeing
  • can block fuel
  • clog tubes
  • can break off and hit the airplane
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4
Q

how to avoid supercooled droplets

A
  • don’t fly in cloud/rain shower
  • fly at altitude warmer than freezing
  • fly at altitude colder than -40 celsius
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5
Q

What are the two main types of ice

A
  • clear ice

- rime ice

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6
Q

clear ice

A

large raindrops, take a second to freeze when they hit aircraft, water spreads before freezing, difficult to remove

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7
Q

rime ice

A

smaller droplets freeze instantly, traps air pockets, ice looks milky, breaks off easily.

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8
Q

mixed ice

A

layers of both clear and rime ice, temperature between -5 and -15 celsius

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9
Q

de-icing

A

removes ice that has formed

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10
Q

anti-icing

A

prevents ice from forming

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11
Q

What 3 things should a pilot do if he flies through a cloud and doesn’t have de-icing equipment?

A
  • Fly out of cloud
  • Climb to warmer altitude
  • descent to altitude where air is warmer in cloud/rain
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12
Q

What are the 4 levels of aircraft icing intensity

A
  • trace
  • light
  • moderate
  • severe
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13
Q

Ice Crystal Icing (ICI)

A

when ice melts when it enters the engine but re-freezes on turbine blades in engine.

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14
Q

which types of flights are most likely to be affected by ICI

A

commercial

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15
Q

fog

A

a cloud that touches the ground

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16
Q

how is mist different than fog

A

diffused fog with visibility grater than 1 km

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17
Q

freezing fog

A

fog made of supercooled liquid particles

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18
Q

ice fog

A

fog made of tiny ice crystals

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19
Q

What 2 things cause fog

A
  • When water is added to air

- When air is cooled to dew-point temperature

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20
Q

unsaturated air

A

non-foggy

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21
Q

dew-point temperature

A

temperature where water vapor condenses into liquid droplets

22
Q

valley fog

A

cool air the forms fog in valleys

23
Q

What are the 5 types of fog

A
  • radiation
  • advection
  • upslope
  • precipitation/frontal
  • steam
24
Q

radiation fog

A

the ground cools at night by infra-red radiation to space

25
Q

advection fog

A

humid air blows over colder surface

26
Q

upslope

A

when wind blows air upward against a hill, which cools adiabatically to make fog

27
Q

precipitation/frontal fog

A

when moisture is added to the cool air below a cloud base

28
Q

steam fog

A

when cold air moves over warm humid surfaces

29
Q

obscuration

A

blocks vision

30
Q

how much does fog reduce horizontal visibility

A

to .5 miles or less

31
Q

socked in

A

when an airport is covered in fog

32
Q

fog lift

A

changes from fog to cloud

33
Q

which obscurations affect VFR flights

A

-mist
-fog
-smoke
-volcanic ash
-sand
-haze
-spray
dust
-snow

34
Q

mist

A

very small water particles gently falling through air, visibility >1 km

35
Q

smoke

A

caused by fires, makes it difficult to see the base of clouds

36
Q

volcanic ash

A

microscopic rocks with sharp edges

37
Q

st. elmo’s fire

A

sparks writhing across windscreen

38
Q

aerosols

A

gas emitted from volcanoes or small haze particles

39
Q

haboob

A

sand storm

40
Q

sand storm

A

strong winds over deserts that kick up sand

41
Q

haze

A

microscopic liquid droplets that form around a pollutant particle, hygroscopic

42
Q

hygroscopic

A

absorbs moisture form the air

43
Q

aerosol swelling

A

when haze particles become larger when humidity is above 75%

44
Q

most common hygroscopic chemicals

A
  • salt
  • sulfates
  • nitrates
  • organic from plants
45
Q

spray

A

breaking waves that cause tiny droplets in atmosphere

46
Q

dust

A

consists of microscopic solid particles like dirt, pollen, ash, bio material

47
Q

dust storm

A

fine particles in the soil lifted into atmosphere by turbulent winds

48
Q

heavy snow

A

visibility less than .4 km

49
Q

moderate snow

A

visibility .4-.8 km

50
Q

blizzard

A

blowing snow in the air with reduced visibility and great wind speeds

51
Q

white out

A

when you can’t tell the gorund from the sky because everything is white with snow

ASTC (6 decks)

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