Fly C

Question 1

supercooled droplets

Answer 1

liquid water droplets that remain unfrozen in below-freezing atmosphere temperatures.

Question 2

When do supercooled droplets freeze

Answer 2

when they tough something solid like an airplane

Question 3

why are supercooled droplets bad for planes

Answer 3

• wings get less lift
• adds weight
• increases drag/decreases thrust
• prevents you from seeing
• can block fuel
• clog tubes
• can break off and hit the airplane

Question 4

how to avoid supercooled droplets

Answer 4

• don’t fly in cloud/rain shower
• fly at altitude warmer than freezing
• fly at altitude colder than -40 celsius

Question 5

What are the two main types of ice

Answer 5

• clear ice

- rime ice

Question 6

clear ice

Answer 6

large raindrops, take a second to freeze when they hit aircraft, water spreads before freezing, difficult to remove

Question 7

rime ice

Answer 7

smaller droplets freeze instantly, traps air pockets, ice looks milky, breaks off easily.

Question 8

mixed ice

Answer 8

layers of both clear and rime ice, temperature between -5 and -15 celsius

Question 9

de-icing

Answer 9

removes ice that has formed

Question 10

anti-icing

Answer 10

prevents ice from forming

Question 11

What 3 things should a pilot do if he flies through a cloud and doesn’t have de-icing equipment?

Answer 11

• Fly out of cloud
• Climb to warmer altitude
• descent to altitude where air is warmer in cloud/rain

Question 12

What are the 4 levels of aircraft icing intensity

Answer 12

• trace
• light
• moderate
• severe

Question 13

Ice Crystal Icing (ICI)

Answer 13

when ice melts when it enters the engine but re-freezes on turbine blades in engine.

Question 14

which types of flights are most likely to be affected by ICI

Answer 14

commercial

Question 15

fog

Answer 15

a cloud that touches the ground

Question 16

how is mist different than fog

Answer 16

diffused fog with visibility grater than 1 km

Question 17

freezing fog

Answer 17

fog made of supercooled liquid particles

Question 18

ice fog

Answer 18

fog made of tiny ice crystals

Question 19

What 2 things cause fog

Answer 19

• When water is added to air

- When air is cooled to dew-point temperature

Question 20

unsaturated air

Answer 20

non-foggy

Question 21

dew-point temperature

Answer 21

temperature where water vapor condenses into liquid droplets

Question 22

valley fog

Answer 22

cool air the forms fog in valleys

Question 23

What are the 5 types of fog

Answer 23

• radiation
• advection
• upslope
• precipitation/frontal
• steam

Question 24

radiation fog

Answer 24

the ground cools at night by infra-red radiation to space

Question 25

advection fog

Answer 25

humid air blows over colder surface

Question 26

upslope

Answer 26

when wind blows air upward against a hill, which cools adiabatically to make fog

Question 27

precipitation/frontal fog

Answer 27

when moisture is added to the cool air below a cloud base

Question 28

steam fog

Answer 28

when cold air moves over warm humid surfaces

Question 29

obscuration

Answer 29

blocks vision

Question 30

how much does fog reduce horizontal visibility

Answer 30

to .5 miles or less

Question 31

socked in

Answer 31

when an airport is covered in fog

Question 32

fog lift

Answer 32

changes from fog to cloud

Question 33

which obscurations affect VFR flights

Answer 33

-mist -fog -smoke -volcanic ash -sand -haze -spray dust -snow

Question 34

mist

Answer 34

very small water particles gently falling through air, visibility >1 km

Question 35

smoke

Answer 35

caused by fires, makes it difficult to see the base of clouds

Question 36

volcanic ash

Answer 36

microscopic rocks with sharp edges

Question 37

st. elmo's fire

Answer 37

sparks writhing across windscreen

Question 38

aerosols

Answer 38

gas emitted from volcanoes or small haze particles

Question 39

haboob

Answer 39

sand storm

Question 40

sand storm

Answer 40

strong winds over deserts that kick up sand

Question 41

haze

Answer 41

microscopic liquid droplets that form around a pollutant particle, hygroscopic

Question 42

hygroscopic

Answer 42

absorbs moisture form the air

Question 43

aerosol swelling

Answer 43

when haze particles become larger when humidity is above 75%

Question 44

most common hygroscopic chemicals

Answer 44

- salt - sulfates - nitrates - organic from plants

Question 45

spray

Answer 45

breaking waves that cause tiny droplets in atmosphere

Question 46

dust

Answer 46

consists of microscopic solid particles like dirt, pollen, ash, bio material

Question 47

dust storm

Answer 47

fine particles in the soil lifted into atmosphere by turbulent winds

Question 48

heavy snow

Answer 48

visibility less than .4 km

Question 49

moderate snow

Answer 49

visibility .4-.8 km

Question 50

blizzard

Answer 50

blowing snow in the air with reduced visibility and great wind speeds

Question 51

white out

Answer 51

when you can't tell the gorund from the sky because everything is white with snow