Fly B

Question 1

cumuliform/convective cloud

Answer 1

stacks of cotton balls, associated with updrafts

Question 2

stratiform/layer clouds

Answer 2

look like long sheets/blankets

Question 3

stratocumulus clouds

Answer 3

low altitude lumpy clouds

Question 4

castellanus clouds

Answer 4

look like small castle turrets, predict future thunderstorms, air becoming turbulent

Question 5

billow (H-k) clouds

Answer 5

indicate wind shear, clear air turbulence

Question 6

lenticular clouds

Answer 6

vertical wind oscillations, possible mountain-wave turbulence.

Question 7

rotor clouds

Answer 7

severe/extreme turbulence at low altitudes due to mountain waves

Question 8

banner clouds

Answer 8

form on downside of mountain peak, indicates turbulence.

Question 9

pyrocumulus clouds

Answer 9

form over forest fires/volcanoes

Question 10

pileus clouds

Answer 10

form over fast-growing cumulus clouds, harmless.

Question 11

fractus clouds

Answer 11

turbulent humid air near ground.

Question 12

fumulus clouds

Answer 12

water-droplet clouds over cooling towers

Question 13

contrail clouds

Answer 13

aircraft condensation trail

Question 14

headwind

Answer 14

a wind directly in your face that slows you down

Question 15

tailwind

Answer 15

a wind from directly behind you that speeds you up

Question 16

when are tailwinds bad

Answer 16

when an airplane is taking off/landing because the runway may not be big enough

Question 17

crosswind

Answer 17

wind from the side, affects takeoff and landing.

Question 18

windsock

Answer 18

floating thing that shows which direction the wind is in.

Question 19

wind shear

Answer 19

change of speed/direction of the wind with altitude.

Question 20

where is wind shear nearly always present

Answer 20

near the ground

Question 21

what causes windshear

Answer 21

• weather systems
• wind flowing across mountains
• turbulence behind obstacles
• other large aircrafts that are landing and taking off.

Question 22

anabatic winds

Answer 22

warm air moving up along the mountain slopes

Question 23

kabatic winds

Answer 23

cold air draining down mountain slopes

Question 24

standard atmosphere

Answer 24

variation of air pressure (P), temperature (T) and density (p) with altitude.

Question 25

order of the atmosphere, away from the ground

Answer 25

- troposphere - tropopause - stratosphere - stratopause - mesosphere - mesopause - thermopause - exobase - exosphere

Question 26

which atmosphere layer does most weather occur in

Answer 26

troposphere

Question 27

where do modern commercial aircrafts fly

Answer 27

stratosphere

Question 28

in which layer do air molecules not behave like gas

Answer 28

exosphere

Question 29

mean-free path

Answer 29

average distance between molecules

Question 30

turbulence

Answer 30

random gusty fluctuations of wind.

Question 31

eddie

Answer 31

swirls of air motion that make up turbulence.

Question 32

what 3 things can cause turbulence

Answer 32

- convective turbulence: warm air rising - wind-shear turbulence: different wind speeds/directions at diff altitudes - obstacle turbulence: wakes behind fixed objects.

Question 33

mountain waves

Answer 33

terrain-induced vertical oscillations of air

Question 34

froude number (Fr)

Answer 34

ratio of natural wavelength to mountain width

Question 35

chop

Answer 35

when the aircraft is pushed up and down by mountain-wave turbulence

Question 36

where does a lenticular cloud form

Answer 36

at the crest of a mountain wave

Question 37

atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) or planetary boundary layer (PBL)

Answer 37

bottom 300 m/4 km of atmosphere.