Fluoro/Contrast Procedures Flashcards
IVU is an examination of the
Urinary system
IVP is an examination of the
Renal pelvises
IVU are used to visualize
Minor and major calyces
Renal pelvises
Ureters
Bladder
T/F - IVU is considered a functional test?
True
What are the 3 purposes of an IVU?
- Visualize collection portion
- Assess functional quality of kidneys
- Evaluate for pathologies
What are contraindications to IVUs?
- Allergic to contrast
- Anuria (absense of urine production)
- Multiple myeloma
- Diabetes
- CHF
- Liver or kidney disease
- Pheochromocytoma (tumor of adrena gland)
- Sickle cell anemia
- Taking metformin or glucophage
- Renal failure
Patient prep for IVU
NPO 8 hours
Enema before exam
Void before exam
What are the benefits of ureteric compression during IVU?
- Enhances filling of the pelvicalyceal system
- Retains contrast longer
How is compression used for IVU?
-Device is placed before contrast
-2 paddles are placed of the outer pelvic brim
What is an alternative to using compression paddles?
Trendelenburg position (head lowered 15 degrees)
Protocol for IVU
- Scout
- Note the exact start time and duration of contrast injection
- 1 min nephrogram
- 5 min AP supine
- 10-15 min AP supine
- 20 min post obliques
- Postvoid (prone or erect)
When is a T-tube Cholangiography performed?
After Cholecystectomy
Reasons for placement of T-tube
Residual stones
Strictures
Contraindications for T-tube
Allergic to iodine
Acute infection
Elevated creatinine or BUN levels
Patient prep for T-tube
NPO 8 hours
What is the injection procress for a T-tube
- T-tube catheter is clamped off
- Drainage of excess bile
- Contrast is injected
What is the removal process if stones are found after T-tube placement?
A basket catheter will be passed over guidewire to remove stones
Where is the T-tube placement?
Common hepatic and bile ducts
An HSG demonstrates:
Uterus and fallopian tubes
Where are female reproductive organs located? (true or false pelvis)
True pelvis
Purpose of HSG
To see the patency of the uterine tubes
Clinical indications for HSG
- Infertility
- Pelvic masses, fistulas, spontaneous abortions, congenital defects
- Evaluation after tubal ligation or surgery
Contraindications for HSG
- Pregnancy
- Acute pelvic inflammatory disease
- Active uterine bleeding
Patient prep for HSG
Laxative
Mild pain reliever
Empty bladder
Tenaculum may be used during HSG. What is a tenaculum?
An instrument with a hooked clamp for gathering and holding tissues and structures in place
What is a retrograde cystogram?
Nonfunction study of the bladder
Retrograde cystograms are performed to rule out:
- Trauma
- Calculi
- Tumor
- Inflammatory disease
Patient prep for retrograde cystogram
- Empty bladder
- Catherer is inserted using aseptic technique
- Bladder is filled with contrast (150-500 mL)
- Contrast runs in by gravity only
Positioning for retrograde cystogram
AP
LPO & RPO
What is a voiding cystogram
Functional study of bladder and urethra
Clinical indications for voiding cystogram
- Trauma
- Posterior urethral valves (impede urine flow)
- Incontinence
Procedure for voiding cystogram
Done after retrograde cystogram:
1. Catheter is removed
2. Female is AP or slightly oblique; male is 30 degrees RPO
3. Images are taken during voiding and postvoid
Retrograde urethrogram is perfomed on? (males or females)
Males
What is used to inject contrast for retrograde urethrogram?
Brodney clamp
What is the patient positioning for retrograde urethrogram?
30 degree RPO
In retrograde urethrogram, urethra is superimposed over:
Right thigh
What vein is used for IVU
Median cubital
