Chapter 12 Biliary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the liver located

A

RUQ, extends below the 10th rib

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2
Q

How much does the liver weigh?

A

3-4 pounds

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3
Q

What does the liver produce? Where is it stored? How much is produced?

A

Produces bile
Stored in the gallbladder
1 quart/day

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4
Q

How many lobes are in the liver?

A

2 major
2 minor

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5
Q

What are the two major lobes? Which is bigger?

A

Left and right; right is bigger

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6
Q

What separates the two major lobes?

A

Falciform ligament

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7
Q

What are the two minor lobes? Where are they located?

A

Quadrate - between the gallbladder and falciform ligament

Caudate - posterior to the quadrate lobe

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8
Q

What contours over the surface of the caudate lobe

A

Inferior vena cava

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9
Q

From the liver, bile travels to the _______ or directly to the _______

A

Gallbladder
Duodenum

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10
Q

What duct is formed from the right and left hepatic ducts combining

A

Common hepatic duct

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11
Q

What does the common hepatic duct turn into?

A

The common bile duct

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12
Q

The common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct before it empties into the duodenum through the:

A

Hepatopancreatic sphincter (sphincter of Oddi)

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13
Q

What percentage of people have a separate opening for the common bile duct and pancreatic duct?

A

40%

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14
Q

How long is the common bile duct?

A

3 in (7.5cm)

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15
Q

Where is the common bile duct located

A

Behind the superior portion of the duodenum and head of the pancreas

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16
Q

Where does the common bile duct empty after connecting with the pancreatic duct

A

Descending portion of the duodenum

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17
Q

What is the appoximate size of a gallbladder

A

3-4 in (7-10 cm) long and 1 in (3 cm) wide

18
Q

What are the 3 parts of the gallbladder

A

Fundus
Body
Neck

19
Q

What is the distal end of the gallbladder

20
Q

What is the narrow proximal end of the gallbladder and what duct does it make?

A

Neck; cystic duct

21
Q

How much bile is stored in the gallbladder

A

30-40 CC’s (2-2.5 tbsp)

22
Q

What is the best position to empty the gallbladder

23
Q

What are the 3 functions of the gallbladder

A

Store bile
Concentrate bile
Contract

24
Q

How is bile concentrated in the gallbladder

A

Removal of water - hydrolysis

25
When does the gallbladder contract
When fats or fatty acids are in the duodenum
26
What hormone causes the gallbladder to contract and the bile duct to open
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
27
How long is the cystic duct?
1.5 in (3-4 cm)
28
What is the spiral valve?
Several membranous folds along the length of the cystic duct
29
What does the spiral valve prevent
Distention or collapse of the cystic duct
30
Where is the gallbladder located for an asthenic person?
Near the iliac crest and close to the midline
31
What position does an asthenic person need to be in to best visualize the gallbladder
35-40 LAO (move spine away from gallbladder)
32
Where is the gallbladder located for a sthenic/hyposthenic person?
Between xiphoid tip and lower lateral rib margin
33
What position does an sthenic/hyposthenic person need to be in to best visualize the gallbladder
20-25 degree LAO
34
Where is the gallbladder located for a hypersthenic person?
Located high and more lateral
35
What position does an hypersthenic person need to be in to best visualize the gallbladder
15-20 degree LAO
36
What modality is the best way to visualize the gallbladder
Ultrasound
37
The gallbladder and biliary ducts cannot be seen on a diagnostic radiograph unless the patient has:
Contrast media
38
What is an OCG?
Oral cholecystogram
39
What are possible reasons to have an OCG?
Nausea Heartburn Vomitting
40
What forms gallstones?
Increased levels of bilirubin, calcium, or cholestrol
41
Who is at a greater risk of getting gallstones?
Women, especially pregnant women
42
When is milk calcium bile best demonstrated?
Right lateral decub