Chapter 14 Urinary System & Venipuncture

Question 1

Function of the urinary system

Answer 1

To produce urine and eliminate from the body

Question 2

Urinary system consists of:

Answer 2

2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 bladder
1 urethra

Question 3

How are the kidneys positioned in the abdominal cavity

Answer 3

Posterior, below the lower portion of the liver and spleen; between iliac crest and xiphoid

Question 4

What angle are kidneys in the body

Answer 4

30 degrees

Question 5

What system are the adrenal glands part of

Answer 5

Endorcine

Question 6

Where are adrenals located

Answer 6

Superior portion of the kidneys, encompassed by the fatty capsule

Question 7

What is the trigone

Answer 7

Posterior surface of the bladder; muscular entrance where the ureters enter and the urethra leaves

Question 8

What does the trigone attach to

Answer 8

Floor of the pelvis

Question 9

Total capacity of the bladder

Answer 9

350-500mL; feel the urge to go at 250mL

Question 10

When does urinating become involuntary

Answer 10

When internal bladder pressure gets too high

Question 11

Function of the prostate gland

Answer 11

Produces fluid whcih helps make the sperm swim

Question 12

Where does the urethra exit the body

Answer 12

Inferior to pubic symphysis

Question 13

Length of female urethra

Answer 13

4 cm

Question 14

Length of male urethra

Answer 14

17-20 cm

Question 15

Function of urethra in females

Answer 15

Pass urine outside the body

Question 16

Function of urethra in males

Answer 16

Eliminates urine and a passageway for semen

Question 17

Size of kidney

Answer 17

4-5” long
2-3” wide
1” thick

Question 18

What muscles cause the kidneys to sit at a 30 degree angle

Answer 18

Psoas mucles

Question 19

What muscles surround the kidneys

Answer 19

Quadratus lumborum
Erector spinae

Question 20

Posterior obliques show which kidney

Answer 20

Opposite kidney

Question 21

What surrounds each kidney

Answer 21

Adipose capsule or peritoneal fat

Question 22

What is nephroptisis

Answer 22

Downward displacement of kidneys

Question 23

How much urine is produced daily

Answer 23

1.5 L

Question 24

Function of kidneys

Answer 24

Make urine
Removes nitrogenous waste
Regulates H20
Regulates acid-base balance and electrolyes

Question 25

How much blood goes through the kidneys every 60 seconds

Answer 25

1 Liter

Question 26

How much blood is reabsorbed after going through the kidneys

Answer 26

99%

Question 27

Substance which forms the peripheral or outer portion of the kidney

Answer 27

Cortex

Question 28

What forms the renal columns

Answer 28

Cortex dips down between the renal pyramids

Question 29

Renal columns extend to form the:

Answer 29

Renal sinuses

Question 30

What is underneath the cortex and composed of conical masses (pyramids)

Answer 30

Medulla

Question 31

What makes up the conical masses (pyramids)

Answer 31

Collection of tubes that converge at an opening of the renal papilla (apex) and drain in the minor calyx

Question 32

What forms the renal pelvis

Answer 32

Major calyces unite

Question 33

Term used to describe the total function of the kidneys

Answer 33

Renal parenchyma

Question 34

Structural and functional unit of the kidney

Answer 34

Nephron

Question 35

How many nephrons are in each kidney

Answer 35

1 million

Question 36

What are glomeruli

Answer 36

Tiny capillary tuffs formed from small arteries in the renal cortex

Question 37

Function of glomeruli

Answer 37

Filter blood

Question 38

How does blood move around the glomeruli

Answer 38

Afferent arterioles supply blood Efferent arterioles take blood away to a seconday capillary network

Question 39

Each glomeruli is surrounded by a:

Answer 39

Glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule)

Question 40

What is the path of filtrate from the glomerulus to the ureter

Answer 40

Glomerular capsule Proximal convoluted tubule Descending limbs Ascending limbs Distal convoluted tubule Collecting tubule Minor Calyx Major Calyx Renal pelvis

Question 41

Arterial blood is received by the kidneys from the __________ aorta via the _________

Answer 41

Abdominal Left and right renal arteries

Question 42

Renal veins dump into the:

Answer 42

IVC

Question 43

Renal veins are anterior or posterior to the heart

Answer 43

Anterior

Question 44

Longitudinal fissure where the renal artery, vein, lymphatics, nerves and ureter exit and enter

Answer 44

Hilum

Question 45

What two ways can contrast be introduced

Answer 45

IV (antegrade) Catheter (retrograde)

Question 46

In iodinated contrast, iodine is the _______ element

Answer 46

Opacifying

Question 47

Ionic contrast has a positive charged chain element called the:

Answer 47

Cation (usually salt)

Question 48

What does the cation (salt) do in ionic contrast

Answer 48

Increases the solubility of the contrast (dissolves in the bloodstream)

Question 49

Ionic contrast has a negative charged element called the:

Answer 49

Anion

Question 50

Diatrizoate and iothalamte are examples of:

Answer 50

Common anions

Question 51

Once ionic contrast is injected, the _____ splits apart, creating two ions

Answer 51

Cation

Question 52

When the cation splits apart, it can cause a hypertonic condition, which is what?

Answer 52

Increase in blood plasma osmolariy

Question 53

How is non-ionic contrast different from ionic

Answer 53

Has no positively charged cations

Question 54

In non-ionic contrast, the carboxyl group is replaced by:

Answer 54

Amide or glucose

Question 55

Does non-ionic have low or high osmolarity?

Answer 55

Low (doesn't increase blood plasma)

Question 56

What is the #1 nosocomial (hosptial acquired) infection

Answer 56

UTI

Question 57

What medications are used if a patient is allergic to contrast

Answer 57

Antihistamine (Benedryl) Steroid (Decadron)

Question 58

What is the best patient position for an IVU

Answer 58

Prone

Question 59

Normal Creatinine level range

Answer 59

.6-1.5mg/dL

Question 60

Normal BUN levels

Answer 60

8-25 mg/100mL

Question 61

Normal GFR levels

Answer 61

>60 mL/min

Question 62

How to determine the folcrum point for tomos

Answer 62

Distance from anterior to posterior / 3

Question 63

What pathology do the kidneys look like fat baby hands

Answer 63

Hydronephrosis

Question 64

Water-soluble iodinated contrast can be administered by:

Answer 64

Bolus injection Drip infusion

Question 65

Is venipuncture an invasive or non-invasive procedure?

Answer 65

Invasive - skin is broken

Question 66

Where are the ideal veins located for IVU

Answer 66

Antecubital fossa

Question 67

The most commonly used veins are:

Answer 67

Medial cubital Cephalic Basilic

Question 68

Veins should be avoided that are:

Answer 68

Sclerotic (hardened) Tortuous (twisted) Rolling Overused

Question 69

What hand is used to find the injection site

Answer 69

Non-dominant hand

Question 70

How high should turniquet be positioned

Answer 70

3-4" above the site

Question 71

What artery should be checked after the turniquet is on

Answer 71

Radial artery

Question 72

How should the bevel be facing

Answer 72

Upward

Question 73

What angle do you approach the vein

Answer 73

20-45 degrees

Question 74

Why type of medication is heparin or coumadin

Answer 74

Blood thinners

Question 75

What is Phlebitis

Answer 75

Inflammation of a vein

Question 76

What type of reaction is life-threatening

Answer 76

Vasovagal reaction

Question 77

Is an anaphylactic reaction a moderate or severe reaction?

Answer 77

Moderate

Question 78

What is the size of a normal ureter

Answer 78

28-34 cm long 1mm-1cm wide

Question 79

What curve does the ureter follow

Answer 79

Sacrococcygeal curve and lumbar

Question 80

What are the 3 constriction points of the ureter

Answer 80

UP junction Brim of the pelvis UV junction (most kidney stones get stuck)