Fluoride And Caries Flashcards
What is the ideal concentration of fluoride in water?
1 ppm
When can high levels of fluoride negatively impact the teeth?
During the pre-eruptive maturation stage
What was the initial assumption on why fluoride helped teeth?
Systemically implemented into the teeth during development
T/F: There is a strong benefit from fluoridated water before tooth eruption.
FALSE
T/F: Fluorosis risk is increased by ingestion.
True
T/F: Topical products are lower risk than systemic supplements.
True
Describe the process of post-eruptive enamel maturation.
Enamel crystals perfect themselves with the following substitutions:
- Phosphate for carbonate
- Calcium for sodium
- Fluoride for hydroxyl
At what pH does hydroxyapatite dissolve?
5.5
What happens in acidic conditions if fluoride ions are present?
Hydroxyappetite dissolves but re-precipitates as fluorhydroxyapatite
What is the benefit of fluorhydroxyapatite over hydroxyapatite?
Less soluble so it is stronger
T/F: High concentrations of fluoride incorporated in the enamel is the most beneficial.
FALSE
Low levels in solution is more beneficial
T/F: The subsurface enamel of a lesion will have higher fluoride levels.
False
Surface enamel at site of lesion will have high fluoride
T/F: Areas covered by plaque have higher fluoride levels.
True
T/F: Worn areas contain higher levels of fluoride.
False
T/F: When topical fluoride concentrations are higher than 50 ppm, fluorhydroxyapatite is formed on the outer layers of enamel.
FALSE
When concentrations are below 50 ppm
What happens when topical fluoride concentrations are above 100 ppm?
Calcium fluoride precipitates
T/F: Acid helps with the deposition of calcium fluoride.
True
What factors can increase the deposition of calcium fluoride?
- Increasing concentration of F
- Increasing exposure time
- Lowering pH
- Limit rinsing or cover with varnish
T/F: Fluorosis can only occur when teeth are developing.
True
Where on the tooth is the fluoride concentration highest?
Surface
What does fluorosis look like?
Chalky white
What does severe fluorosis look like?
Severe pitting and brown stain
How does fluoride have antimicrobial effects?
Inhibits OH- binding
Fluoride inhibits __________, an enzyme in the glycolysis pathway to lactate production.
Enolase
What is the concentration of fluoride toothpastes in the U.S.?
1000 ppm
T/F: NaF2 toothpaste is compatible with chalk-based formulas.
False
MFP is
What concentration of fluoride can be had in Rx toothpastes?
5000 ppm
T/F: Less rinsing is better for fluoride.
True
What is the official recommendation for patients at high caries risk?
Fluoride supplements (swallowed) however there is not evidence to support this
What is the fluoride concentration of most fluoride varnishes?
20,000 ppm
What is the storage form of fluoride on the tooth?
CaF2 - Calcium fluoride
What happens to CaF2 during acid attack?
Dissolved and increases remineralization by incorporating into fluorapatite
Does water fluoridation deposit calcium fluoride onto the tooth surface?
No. Just topical fluorides
