Fluids and Electrolytes

Question 1

Body Fluids

Answer 1

60% of body weight
Water is universal solvent
Fluid compartments
-Intracellurlar fluid 40% of fluid weight
-Interstitial fluid- most of extracellular fluid
-Plasma- remaining amount

Question 2

Intracellular vs Extracellular

Answer 2

More K+ & HPO4

More Na+ & Cl-

Question 3

Plasma Proteins

Answer 3

Help regulate fluid
Albumin and globulin
Decrease proteins cause edema

Question 4

Lymphatic System

Answer 4

Vessels that remove excess fluid from the body

Also immune system

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

Movement of fluid across a membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration
Semipermeable membrane

Question 6

Thirst Mechanism

Answer 6

Hypothalamus
Increase osmolality or concentration of solutes in solution
Decrease in pressure to baroreceptors

Question 7

Water Output

Answer 7

Diuresis
Feces
Sweat
Breath
ADH
-ADH from the posterior pituitary will prevecnt diuresis
-Constricts arterioles giving it it’s second name of vasopressin

Question 8

Dehydration

Answer 8

From many causes

• DM- kidneys dump glucose and need water to eliminate the glucose
• DI- Head trauma or disease that affects posterior pituitary so it does not release ADH

Question 9

Hypotonic Hydration

Answer 9

Excess fluids, not enough solutes
Hyponatremia
-Nausea, disorientation, vomiting
-Can cause neurological problems
-Raise the levels slowly, or you can affect the pons

Question 10

Edema

Answer 10

Swelling with fluid in the interstitial space
Hypoproteinemia
-Low plasma proteins
-Pushes fluid into the interstitial spaces

Question 11

Electrolyte Balance

Answer 11

Its all about the kidneys baby
Kidneys have tubules that help to absorb or dump electrolytes
Sodium is a big one.. where sodium goes, water goes

Question 12

Aldosterone

Answer 12

From the adrenal cortex or the napolean’s hat of the kidney

Reabsorps sodium and water

Question 13

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Answer 13

Released from the atria
Decrease sodium retention
Prevent vasoconstriction

Question 14

Lovely Female Hormones

Answer 14

Estrogen retains sodium & water

Progesterone does not and promotes water and sodium loss

Question 15

Potassium Balance Looking to Work Like the Mafia

Answer 15

Too much or too little will cause heart arrhythmia’s or death
Too little in the extracellular fluid will cause hypopolarization and lead to paralysis

Question 16

Calcium

Answer 16

Parathyroid hormone will draw calcium out of the bones
Calcitonin puts it in the bone
PTH releases calcium from bones, aids absorption from the intestines and from the kidneys