Fluids and Electrolytes

Question 1

What do Fluids do?

Answer 1

• Water is often needed to break 2 molecules
  
  • Hydrolysis
  • Water is released when 2 molecules are joined together
  • Condensation

Question 2

Water Balance

Answer 2

• Similar to energy balance
  
  • Same amount of water going in as going out
  • Water comes from: food, drink, metabolism
  • Water losing: feces, urine, evaporation

Question 3

Water Intake

Answer 3

• 70-70% of the water we get comes from beverages
  
  • 20-25% comes from foods
  • Some also comes from metabolic water
    Water % in milk: 90%
    What % of a slice of apple is water: 85%
    What % of roast beef is water: 50%

Question 4

We get water from…

Answer 4

• When we burn carbs, protein and fat it results in the creation of water

Question 5

How do we lose water?

Answer 5

• Evaporation, sweat, breath are insensible water loss
  
  • Less aware of these
  • Fluid still evaporates even if we are not sweating

Question 6

Regulating Water Intake - Thirst

Answer 6

• Part of the brain: hypothalamus also deals with thirst
  
  • Things that stimulate thirst:
  • High concentrations of electrolytes in the blood
  • Low blood volume or blood pressure
  • Dryness in the mouth

Question 7

The problem with our thirst mechanism

Answer 7

• It gets worse as we get older

- Older adults are frequently dehydrates

Question 8

Regulation of Water Losses

Answer 8

• When you are dehydrated you pee less

- This hormone tells the kidneys to keep as much water as possible from being lost in the urine

Question 9

How much Fluid do we Need?

Answer 9

• Women need 2.7L from food, beverages and drinking water

- Men need 3.7L

Question 10

Dehydration

Answer 10

• When you lose more water than you take in
  
  • Can be measured using change in body weight
  • Symptoms begin when you have 1-2% decrease in body weight
  • Lose or gain water very quickly, it is just a change in water in the body

Question 11

Moderate to Severe Dehydration

Answer 11

• Can result in sleepiness, nausea, flushed skin, decreased concentrations
  
  • Greater than 7% can lead to delirium

Question 12

People Susceptible to Dangerous Dehydration

Answer 12

• Babies and small children
  
  • Athletes
  • Older adults
  • Babies have to go to the hospital when they have diarrhea or vomiting

Question 13

Did you know?

Answer 13

• Hockey players lose 2-3.5 litres of water in sweat per game

Question 14

Is too much water possible?

Answer 14

• Over hydration or water intoxication happens
  
  • Most often caused by too much fluid without electrolytes
  • Usually happens if you have a loss of electrolytes and only replace fluid, happens in athletes or people who have been ill
  • Would have to chug litres of water, rare

Question 15

Fun Facts about Water

Answer 15

• Drinking water contained dissolved minerals
  
  • Different geographical areas have different minerals
  • People can tell the difference between water from different places
  • Can get a large amount of calcium from drinking water from Italy
  • Get about a third of the amount of calcium in milk
  • Bottled water is just regular water in a bottle
  • Water with no minerals is not good for you