Fluids and Electrolytes Flashcards
What are common causes of dehydration?
- Fever
- Viral gastroenteritis
What is mild dehydration in infants? (%)
1-5% loss
What is mild dehydration in older children? (%)
1-3% loss
What are s/s of mild dehydration?
- Normal/increased HR
- Decreased urine output
- Slightly dry membranes
- Drinks normalls
What is moderate dehydration in infants? (%)
6-9% loss
What is moderate dehydration in older children? (%)
4-6% loss
What are s/s of moderate dehydration?
- Tachycardia
- Normal/low BP
- Little/no urine output
- Dry membranes
- Sunken anterior fontanelle and eyes
- Delayed/cool/pale turgor
- Decreased tears
- Normal-listless mental status
- Thirsty
What is severe dehydration in infants? (%)
10%+ loss
(15%+ = shock)
What is severe dehydration in older children? (%)
6%+ loss
(9%+ = shock)
What are s/s of severe dehydration?
- Rapid/weak pulse
- Decreased/low BP
- Oliguria
- Parched membranes
- Very sunken anterior fontanelle and eyes
- Very delayed/cool/mottled turgor
- Acrocyanosis
- No tears
- Normal to lethargic/confused mentally
- Drinks poorly or unable to drink
How do you calculate severity of dehydration?
% = 100*(pre-illness kg - illness kg)/pre-illness kg
How do you calculate fluid deficit?
% dehydration * pre-illness weight / 100
What is the treatment for mild dehydration?
Oral replacement therapy (ORT)
- 50mL/kg over 4 hours, reassess every 2 hours
- +10mL/kg for each loose stool/vomit
What is the treatment for moderate dehydration?
Oral replacement therapy (ORT)
- 100mL/kg over 4 hours, reassess hourly
- +10mL/kg for each loose stool/vomit
When should IV fluids be given?
- Shock
- ORT failure
- Coma/unconscious
- Abdominal surgery
