Fluids and Electrolytes Flashcards
The maintenance of the body’s internal environment within a narrow range of normal values
Homeostasis
a solution of solvent and solute
Fluids
a liquid substance where particles can be dissolved
Solvent
a substance, either dissolved or suspended in a solution
Solute
a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances of dissimilar molecular structure
Solution
refers to any fluid produced by a living organism.
Body Fluids
is the fluid within cells
intracellular fluid
fluid outside the cells
extracellular fluid
fluid component of the blood
plasma
is part of the extracellular fluid (ECF) between the cells not in the
blood
interstitial
refers to the concentration of particles in a solution
Tonicity
Same as plasma
Isotonic
have a lesser or lowers solute concentration than plasma
Hypotonic
higher or greater concentration of solutes
Hypertonic
the weight in grams of a substance producing an osmotic pressure of 22.4 atm. when dissolved in 1.0 litre of solution
Osmole
the number of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent
Osmolality
the number of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent
Osmolarity
the number of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent
Mole
the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
Molality
is the number of moles of solute per litre of solution
Molarity
This is the movement of water/liquid/solvent across a semi-permeable membrane from a lesserconcentration to a higher concentration
Osmosis
The movement of particles/solutes/molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of a lower concentration
Diffusion
“Brownian movement” or “downhill movement”
Diffusion
This is the movement of BOTH solute and solvent together across a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure
Filtration
Process where substances/solutes move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration with utilization of ENERGY
Active Transport
“uphill movement”
Active Transport
Energy is obtained directly from the breakdown of ATP
Primarily Active Transport
Energy is derived secondarily from stored energy in the form of ionic concentration difference between two sides of the membrane.
Secondary Active Transport
This system regulates sodium and water balance in the ECF
Renal Regulation (RAS)
This is the loss of extra cellular fluid volume that exceeds the intake of fluid. The loss of water and electrolyte is in equal proportion.
Fluid Volume Deficit or Hypovolemia
Refers to the isotonic expansion of the ECF caused by the abnormal retention of water and sodium
Fluid Volume Excess or Hypervolemia
are charged ions capable of conducting electricity and are solutes found in all body compartments.
Electrolytes
positively charged ions; examples are sodium, potassium, calcium
CATIONS
negatively charged ions; examples are chloride and phosphates
ANIONS
major ICF cation
potassium
major ICF anion
phosphates
major ECF cation
sodium
major ECF anion
chloride
Refers to a Sodium serum level of less than 135 mEq/L. This may result from excessive sodium lossor excessive water gain.
Sodium Deficit: Hyponatremia
Serum Sodium level is higher than 145 mEq/L
Sodium Excess: Hypernatremia
Condition when the serum concentration of potassium is less than 3.5 mEq/L
Potassium Deficit: Hypokalemia
Serum potassium greater than 5.5 mEq/L
Potassium Excess: Hyperkalemia
Present in both ICF and ECF
bicarbonates
A base bicarbonate excess
A base bicarbonate excess
A base bicarbonate deficit
Metabolic Acidosis
A deficit of carbonic acid caused by hyperventilation
Respiratory Alkalosis
