Digestive Disorders

Question 1

presence of blood in vomit, in the form of fresh blood or blood precipitates blood in vomit in the form of “coffee grounds”

Answer 1

Hematemesis

Question 2

is characterized as swallowing disorders, which may be due to mechanical
obstruction of the esophagus, or functional disorder that impairs esophageal motility

Answer 2

Dysphagia

Question 3

caused by neural or muscular disorders that interfere with swallowing or peristalsis.

Answer 3

Functional Dysphagia

Question 4

• intrinsic - tumor, strictures
• extrinsic - originate outside the esophageal lumen and narrow the esophagus by pressing inward on the esophageal wall

Answer 4

Mechanical Obstruction

Question 5

is a primary esophageal motility disorder characterized by an inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax and is constantly contracted

Answer 5

Achalasia

Question 6

Achalasia Management

Answer 6

Meds 10 - 30 minutes before meal

Question 7

the opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes becomes enlarged, part of the upper stomach moves up into the lower portion of the thorax

Answer 7

Hiatal Hernia

Question 8

occurs when the upper stomach and the gastroesophageal
junction are displaced upward and slide in and out of the thorax

Answer 8

Sliding

Question 9

occurs when all or part of the stomach pushes through the
diaphragm beside the esophagus.

Answer 9

Paraesophageal

Question 10

Hiatal hernia Management

Answer 10

Frequent, small feedings

Question 11

is an out-pouching of mucosa and submucosa that protrudes through a
weak portion of the musculature of the esophagus

Answer 11

Esophageal Diverticulum

Question 12

Getting rid of excess air

Answer 12

Belching

Question 13

A surgical emergency, may result from iatrogenic causes (endoscopy or intraoperative injury, forceful vomiting or severe straining, foreign-body ingestion, trauma, and malignancy)

Answer 13

Esophageal Perforation

Question 14

is the reflux of acid and pepsin from the stomach to the esophagus that causes esophagitis.

Answer 14

GERD

Question 15

is a burning feeling in the chest caused by stomach acid travelling up towards the throat

Answer 15

Heartburn

Question 16

inflammation of the gastric or stomach mucosa

Answer 16

Gastritis

Question 17

is defined as a feeling of lethargy or a lack of mental or physical energy

Answer 17

Lassitude

Question 18

is defined as a feeling of lethargy or a lack of mental or physical energy

Answer 18

Lassitude

Question 19

is a result of imbalance between the mucosal defense mechanisms in the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, and gastric mucosa-damaging mechanisms

Answer 19

Peptic Ulcer

Question 20

more than two times their ideal body weight or BMI exceeds 40kg/m2

Answer 20

Morbid Obesity

Question 21

is an inflammation of the vermiform appendix, which is a projection from the apex of the cecum

Answer 21

Appendicitis

Question 22

Appendicitis Hallmarks

Answer 22

Psoas Sign, Rovsing Sign and McBurney’s Sign

Question 23

elicited by having the patient lie on his or her left side while the right thigh
is flexed backward

Answer 23

Psoas Sign

Question 24

Referred pain, LRQ but the pain is on RLQ

Answer 24

Rovsing Sign

Question 25

Pain to umbilicus, RLQ Pain

Answer 25

McBurney’s Sign

Question 26

Affects any part of the digestive tract - the most common - terminal part of the ileum

Answer 26

Crohn’s Disease

Question 27

affects colon and rectum

Answer 27

Ulcerative Colitis

Question 28

*Bleeding - Usually not, but if it occurs, tends to be mild
* Perianal involvement - Common
* Fistulas - Common
* Rectal involvement - About 20%
* Diarrhea - Less severe
* Abdominal Mass – Common

Answer 28

Crohn’s Disease

Question 29

• Location - Rectum, descending colon
• Bleeding - Common–severe
• Perianal involvement - Rare–mild
• Fistulas – Rare
• Rectal involvement - Almost 100%
• Diarrhea - severe
• Abdominal Mass – Rare

Answer 29

Ulcerative Colitis

Question 30

is a serious condition that can have many causes

Answer 30

Ileus

Question 31

obstruction in the lumen of the intestine and leads to compression of the
wall

Answer 31

Mechanical Obstruction

Question 32

due to the “paralysis” of the intestinal muscles

Answer 32

Functional Obstruction