Fluid Therapy And Blood Transfusion

Question 1

Fresh whole blood

(target pcv x recipient pcv ÷donor pcv) x kg x n

N dog =90
N cat =60

Answer 1

Reason- hypovolaemia and anaemia
Shelf life - 6 hrs can be frozen
Storage - 1-6oc

Question 2

Packed red cells

(target pcv x recipient pcv ÷donor pcv) x kg x n

Answer 2

Reason - non-hypovolaemic anaemia caused by chronic diseases and haemolysis
Shelf life - 42 days with additives
Storage - 1-6oc

Question 3

Fresh frozen plasma

Answer 3

Reason- clotting factor deficiency and chronic support of protein losing conditions

Shelf life - 12 months
Storage - - 30oc

Question 4

Oxyglobin

Answer 4

Reason - non-hypovolaemic anaemia and gdv
Shelf life - 3 yrs
Storage - 2-30oc

Question 5

Colloid

Answer 5

Reason–hypovolaemia ( blood or plasma loss or haemodilution)
Shelf life - expiry date
Store- not above 25oc

Question 6

Crystalloid isotonic solution

Answer 6

Saline 0.9% (no. 1)
Hartmanns (no. 11)
Ringers (no. 9)

Reason- replacement fluid - hypovolaemia, dehydration, vomiting, diarrhoea, pyometra, metabolic acidosis
Shelf life-expiry date
Do not freeze, not above 25oc

Question 7

Crystalloid isotonic solution

Answer 7

NaCl 0.18% + glucose 4% (no 18)
NaCl 0.9% +glucose 5% (no 3)
Reason - Addisonion crisis /maintenance urethral obstruction

Question 8

Hypertonic saline

NaCl 7%

Over five min followed by isotonic crystalloid

Answer 8

Reason–hypovolaemia - volume expander (useful especially in large breeds where isotonic saline can’t administer fast enough)

• shock due to GDV
• head trauma

Question 9

Hypotnic saline

NaCl 0.45%+ glucose 5%

Answer 9

Reason- correct fluid imbalance eg hypernatraemia

Question 10

Calculating fluid requirements

Answer 10

Fluid requirement= replacement volume + maintenance requirement + ongoing losses

Rv= fluid deficit(ml) = % dehydrated xbw x10
M= 2ml/kg/hr
Ol= estimate according to v and d