Fluid Resuscitation Flashcards
What 4 compartments is fluid distributed through?
Intracellular
Extracellular
Interstitium
Intravascular
Dextrose:
Only 5% of it is glucose. Why is it dangerous to put more than 5% in?
It can cause water overload and hyponatraemia
0.9% saline:
Where does it tend to stay, meaning it is suitable for fluid resus?
Mainly in the extracellular
Colloids:
Why is it not used for general hydration?
What is it called in practice?
Because it remains in the intravascular space longer than other fluids so tissues don’t receive any hydration if they are dehydrated.
Gelofusine
Hypertonic glucose:
What is this used to treat?
It can irritate the veins. What can be done after infusion to reduce the risk of this?
Hypoglycaemia
Infusion sites should be flushed with 0.9% saline
Hartmann’s solution:
What electrolytes does it contain? - 4
Sodium
Chloride
Lactate
Bicarbonate
Assessing fluid balance:
What are some signs of someone who is underfilled? - 8
Tachycardia Postural drop in BP - LATE SIGN Cap refill Reduced urine output Cool peripheries Dry mucous membranes Reduced skin turgor Sunken eyes
Assessing fluid balance:
What are some signs of someone who is overfilled? - 6
Raised JVP Pitting oedema Tachypnoea Bibasal crepitations Pulmonary oedema on CXR
Special cases:
Acute blood loss:
- What 2 fluids should be used until blood is available?
GI losses:
- How can people loss fluid?
- What electrolyte needs to be replaced?
Liver failure:
- What electrolyte is generally raised?
- What should be avoided?
Colloid or 0.9% saline
D&V
NG tubes
Replaces K
Sodium
Saline
Special cases:
Acute pancreatitis - why is a large amount of fluid needed?
Shock - what fluids should be used? - 2
Transpiration losses:
- What does it mean? - 2
Due to sequestration of fluid - look at youtube vid
Colloid or 0.9% saline
Fever and burns
Potassium in IV fluids:
What can potassium be given with?
What is the max potassium you can give?
Colloid or 0.9% saline
40 mmol/L
