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Pharmacology 2 Unit 2 Exam > Fluid, Electrolytes, Minerals, Vitamins > Flashcards

Fluid, Electrolytes, Minerals, Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Potassium range

A

3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

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2
Q

Magnesium range

A

1.7 to 2.2 mg/dL

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3
Q

Calcium range

A

9.0 to 10.5 mEq/L

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4
Q

Sodium range

A

136 to 145 mEq/L

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5
Q

Potassium chloride supplements complications

A

GI ulcers and distress

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6
Q

Potassium chloride supplements nursing implication

A

ALWAYS USE AN IV PUMP, SLOW (NEVER PUSH, 10 mEq/hr). Take with 8oz of water and/or food

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7
Q

What to monitor when giving potassium chloride supps

A

Urine output.

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8
Q

Uses for magnesium sulfate

A

Treat hypomagnesemia, prevents seizures in labor

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9
Q

Complications of magnesium sulfate

A

Muscle weakness/paralysis, respiratory depression

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10
Q

Contraindications of magnesium sulfate

A

Heart and kidney disease

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11
Q

Nursing implications for magnesium sulfate

A

Monitor cardiac and neuro status, have calcium gluconate available to reverse effects

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12
Q

Important info for magnesium sulfate

A

Decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes

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13
Q

Potassium can cause ________

A

Dysrhythmias

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14
Q

Causes of hypokalemia

A

Alkalosis, corticosteroids, diarrhea, laxative misuse, burns, vomiting, malabsorption

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15
Q

Early symptoms of hypokalemia

A

Hypotension, lethargy, mental confusion, muscle weakness

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16
Q

Late symptoms of hypokalemia

A

Cardiac irregularity, neuropathies, paralytic ileus

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17
Q

Nursing implications for hypokalemia

A

Never give potassium IV push. Dilute

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18
Q

Causes of hyperkalemia

A

Renal failure, excessive loss, burns, trauma, metabolic acidosis, infections

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19
Q

Symptoms of hyperkalemia

A

Generalized fatigue, weakness, paresthesia, palpitations, paralysis

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20
Q

Severe symptoms of hyperkalemia

A

Ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest

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21
Q

Treatment of hyperkalemia

A

Low potassium diet, IV dextrose, insulin, calcium gluconate. Hemodialysis to eliminate extra potassium in body

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22
Q

Causes of hyponatremia

A

Sodium loss or deficiency, pneumonia, infection, excessive perspiration, too much water, prolonged diarrhea/vomiting, renal disorders

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23
Q

Symptoms of hyponatremia

A

NEURO, lethargy, confusion, seizures, agitation, headaches

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24
Q

Treatment of hyponatremia

A

Diuretics, SSRIs, sodium chloride tablets, fluid restriction, hypertonic fluids (3% NS)

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25
Q

Causes of hypernatremia

A

Dehydration, water moving out of blood into cells, sodium overload

26
Q

Symptoms of hypernatremia

A

Headache, lethargy, confusion, coma, intracranial hemorrhage

27
Q

Treatment of hypernatremia

A

Increased fluid intake, dietary restrictions, IV fluids (hypotonic, 0.45% NS)

28
Q

Edema symptoms

A

Swelling in extremities, pitting, pulmonary edema can cause CRACKLES

29
Q

Edema treatment

A

Fluid restrictions, diuretics, reducing salt in diet

30
Q

Dehydration symptoms

A

Bleeding, bowel obstruction, diarrhea, fever, vomiting, increased thirst

31
Q

Dehydration treatment

A

Hydrating and hypotonic IV fluids

32
Q

Causes of hypomagnesemia

A

Malabsorption, alcoholism, long term IV feedings, diuretics, PPIs, metabolic disorders

33
Q

Symptoms of hypomagnesemia

A

Cardiovascular disturbances, neuromuscular impairment (tremors, spasms, cramps, numbness), mental disturbances, weakness/fatigue

34
Q

Treatment of hypomagnesemia

A

Give magnesium supplements

35
Q

Causes of hypermagnesemia

A

Kidney disease, excessive use of magnesium supps, GI issues

36
Q

Symptoms of hypermagnesemia

A

Tendon reflex loss, constipation, CNS depression, respiratory distress (decreased RR, bradycardia, hypotension), hypothermia, weakness, low energy, confusion

37
Q

Treatments of hypermagnesemia

A

Loop diuretics, intravenous calcium

38
Q

Causes of hypocalcemia

A

Inadequate intake of vitamin D or calcium, hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption syndrome

39
Q

Symptoms of hypocalcemia

A

TROUSSEAU’s and CHVOSTEK signs. Muscle cramps, tetany, brittle nails, dry skin

40
Q

Severe symptoms of hypocalcemia

A

Tingling in extremities, muscle aches and spasms, seizures, arrhythmia, congestive heart failure

41
Q

Treatments of hypocalcemia

A

Give calcium supplements and vitamin D. Calcium gluconate (IV) can be given if dangerously low levels

42
Q

Causes of hypercalcemia

A

Kidney disease, too much calcium intake, high vitamin D, dehydration

43
Q

Symptoms of hypercalcemia

A

GI problems, nausea, vomiting, constipation

44
Q

Severe symptoms of hypercalcemia

A

Cardiac irregularity, delirium, coma

45
Q

Treatments of hypercalcemia

A

Increase fluids, decrease calcium intake, may give IV fluids in acute setting

46
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K (KADE)

47
Q

Water-soluble vitamins

A

B and C

48
Q

Use of vitamin K

A

Essential for blood coagulation factors in the liver

49
Q

Dietary sources of vitamin K

A

Leafy green vegetables

50
Q

Indications of vitamin K

A

Treatment of vitamin K deficiency, also given prophylactically to newborns

51
Q

Vitamin K reverses the effects of _____

A

Warfarin

52
Q

Nursing implications for vitamin K

A

Check coagulation labs, liver function, and assess for bleeding prior to administration

53
Q

Vitamin D use

A

Helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorous, deposits calcium into bones and teeth

54
Q

Vitamin D sources

A

Calcifediol (oral), Calciltriol (oral and injection), Ergocalciferol (oral and parenteral)

55
Q

Contraindications of vitamin D

A

Renal disease, hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia

56
Q

Nursing implications for vitamin D

A

Check calcium and vitamin D levels

57
Q

Uses of vitamin B12

A

Activates folic acid, needed to make blood cells produced in bone marrow

58
Q

Indications for vitamin B12

A

Macrocytic anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency

59
Q

Dietary sources of vitamin B12

A

Liver, kidney, fish, shellfish, poultry, milk, eggs

60
Q

Complications of vitamin B12

A

Hypokalemia and GI distress

61
Q

Nursing implications for vitamin B12

A

Monitor B12 levels and CBC. Take with food

Pharmacology 2 Unit 2 Exam (4 decks)

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