Fluid, Electrolytes, Minerals, Vitamins

Question 1

Potassium range

Answer 1

3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

Question 2

Magnesium range

Answer 2

1.7 to 2.2 mg/dL

Question 3

Calcium range

Answer 3

9.0 to 10.5 mEq/L

Question 4

Sodium range

Answer 4

136 to 145 mEq/L

Question 5

Potassium chloride supplements complications

Answer 5

GI ulcers and distress

Question 6

Potassium chloride supplements nursing implication

Answer 6

ALWAYS USE AN IV PUMP, SLOW (NEVER PUSH, 10 mEq/hr). Take with 8oz of water and/or food

Question 7

What to monitor when giving potassium chloride supps

Answer 7

Urine output.

Question 8

Uses for magnesium sulfate

Answer 8

Treat hypomagnesemia, prevents seizures in labor

Question 9

Complications of magnesium sulfate

Answer 9

Muscle weakness/paralysis, respiratory depression

Question 10

Contraindications of magnesium sulfate

Answer 10

Heart and kidney disease

Question 11

Nursing implications for magnesium sulfate

Answer 11

Monitor cardiac and neuro status, have calcium gluconate available to reverse effects

Question 12

Important info for magnesium sulfate

Answer 12

Decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes

Question 13

Potassium can cause ________

Answer 13

Dysrhythmias

Question 14

Causes of hypokalemia

Answer 14

Alkalosis, corticosteroids, diarrhea, laxative misuse, burns, vomiting, malabsorption

Question 15

Early symptoms of hypokalemia

Answer 15

Hypotension, lethargy, mental confusion, muscle weakness

Question 16

Late symptoms of hypokalemia

Answer 16

Cardiac irregularity, neuropathies, paralytic ileus

Question 17

Nursing implications for hypokalemia

Answer 17

Never give potassium IV push. Dilute

Question 18

Causes of hyperkalemia

Answer 18

Renal failure, excessive loss, burns, trauma, metabolic acidosis, infections

Question 19

Symptoms of hyperkalemia

Answer 19

Generalized fatigue, weakness, paresthesia, palpitations, paralysis

Question 20

Severe symptoms of hyperkalemia

Answer 20

Ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest

Question 21

Treatment of hyperkalemia

Answer 21

Low potassium diet, IV dextrose, insulin, calcium gluconate. Hemodialysis to eliminate extra potassium in body

Question 22

Causes of hyponatremia

Answer 22

Sodium loss or deficiency, pneumonia, infection, excessive perspiration, too much water, prolonged diarrhea/vomiting, renal disorders

Question 23

Symptoms of hyponatremia

Answer 23

NEURO, lethargy, confusion, seizures, agitation, headaches

Question 24

Treatment of hyponatremia

Answer 24

Diuretics, SSRIs, sodium chloride tablets, fluid restriction, hypertonic fluids (3% NS)

Question 25

Causes of hypernatremia

Answer 25

Dehydration, water moving out of blood into cells, sodium overload

Question 26

Symptoms of hypernatremia

Answer 26

Headache, lethargy, confusion, coma, intracranial hemorrhage

Question 27

Treatment of hypernatremia

Answer 27

Increased fluid intake, dietary restrictions, IV fluids (hypotonic, 0.45% NS)

Question 28

Edema symptoms

Answer 28

Swelling in extremities, pitting, pulmonary edema can cause CRACKLES

Question 29

Edema treatment

Answer 29

Fluid restrictions, diuretics, reducing salt in diet

Question 30

Dehydration symptoms

Answer 30

Bleeding, bowel obstruction, diarrhea, fever, vomiting, increased thirst

Question 31

Dehydration treatment

Answer 31

Hydrating and hypotonic IV fluids

Question 32

Causes of hypomagnesemia

Answer 32

Malabsorption, alcoholism, long term IV feedings, diuretics, PPIs, metabolic disorders

Question 33

Symptoms of hypomagnesemia

Answer 33

Cardiovascular disturbances, neuromuscular impairment (tremors, spasms, cramps, numbness), mental disturbances, weakness/fatigue

Question 34

Treatment of hypomagnesemia

Answer 34

Give magnesium supplements

Question 35

Causes of hypermagnesemia

Answer 35

Kidney disease, excessive use of magnesium supps, GI issues

Question 36

Symptoms of hypermagnesemia

Answer 36

Tendon reflex loss, constipation, CNS depression, respiratory distress (decreased RR, bradycardia, hypotension), hypothermia, weakness, low energy, confusion

Question 37

Treatments of hypermagnesemia

Answer 37

Loop diuretics, intravenous calcium

Question 38

Causes of hypocalcemia

Answer 38

Inadequate intake of vitamin D or calcium, hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption syndrome

Question 39

Symptoms of hypocalcemia

Answer 39

TROUSSEAU's and CHVOSTEK signs. Muscle cramps, tetany, brittle nails, dry skin

Question 40

Severe symptoms of hypocalcemia

Answer 40

Tingling in extremities, muscle aches and spasms, seizures, arrhythmia, congestive heart failure

Question 41

Treatments of hypocalcemia

Answer 41

Give calcium supplements and vitamin D. Calcium gluconate (IV) can be given if dangerously low levels

Question 42

Causes of hypercalcemia

Answer 42

Kidney disease, too much calcium intake, high vitamin D, dehydration

Question 43

Symptoms of hypercalcemia

Answer 43

GI problems, nausea, vomiting, constipation

Question 44

Severe symptoms of hypercalcemia

Answer 44

Cardiac irregularity, delirium, coma

Question 45

Treatments of hypercalcemia

Answer 45

Increase fluids, decrease calcium intake, may give IV fluids in acute setting

Question 46

Fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 46

A, D, E, K (KADE)

Question 47

Water-soluble vitamins

Answer 47

B and C

Question 48

Use of vitamin K

Answer 48

Essential for blood coagulation factors in the liver

Question 49

Dietary sources of vitamin K

Answer 49

Leafy green vegetables

Question 50

Indications of vitamin K

Answer 50

Treatment of vitamin K deficiency, also given prophylactically to newborns

Question 51

Vitamin K reverses the effects of _____

Answer 51

Warfarin

Question 52

Nursing implications for vitamin K

Answer 52

Check coagulation labs, liver function, and assess for bleeding prior to administration

Question 53

Vitamin D use

Answer 53

Helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorous, deposits calcium into bones and teeth

Question 54

Vitamin D sources

Answer 54

Calcifediol (oral), Calciltriol (oral and injection), Ergocalciferol (oral and parenteral)

Question 55

Contraindications of vitamin D

Answer 55

Renal disease, hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia

Question 56

Nursing implications for vitamin D

Answer 56

Check calcium and vitamin D levels

Question 57

Uses of vitamin B12

Answer 57

Activates folic acid, needed to make blood cells produced in bone marrow

Question 58

Indications for vitamin B12

Answer 58

Macrocytic anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 59

Dietary sources of vitamin B12

Answer 59

Liver, kidney, fish, shellfish, poultry, milk, eggs

Question 60

Complications of vitamin B12

Answer 60

Hypokalemia and GI distress

Question 61

Nursing implications for vitamin B12

Answer 61

Monitor B12 levels and CBC. Take with food