Fluid & Electrolytes Flashcards
only ___ moves to maintain equal concentration. Meaning, it moves and not the solutes. This is called __.
WATER
OSMOSIS
Normal Sodium Levels
ECF
maintains __ ___ of the blood
135-145 mEq/L
FLUID BALANCE
GI fluid loss hyperglycemia excess water (diluting the solute concentration) IV fluids heart failure diuretic use
Causes of hyponatremia
Dizziness,confusion (seizures, coma) muscle cramps, weakness lethargy nausea, vomiting dry skin increased HR, decreased BP acute weight gain, edema
Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia
Causes of hypernatremia (4)
Dehydration, diabetes insipidus, heatstroke, hyperventilation
Dry, sticky mucous membranes, thirst, irritability, hallucinations, restlessness pulmonary edema (crackles) increased BP, HR
signs and symptoms of HYPERnatremia
Normal Potassium Levels Largest concentration in \_\_\_. regulated by what hormone? \_\_\_ \_\_\_ that regulates the heart. other important hormone ?
3.5 - 5 mEq/L ICF ALDOSTERONE Nerve conduction insulin
GI fluid loss, bulimia, digoxin toxicity, metabolic alkalosis
causes of HYPOkalemia
Irregular, weak pulse, EKG changes, asystole muscle weakness, tetany, decreased bowel motility polyuria
signs and symptoms of HYPOkalemia
Kidney injury, adrenal insufficiency, diabetic ketoacidosis
causes of HYPERkalemia
Bradycardia, flaccid paralysis, irritability
signs and symptoms of HYPERkalemia
Bananas, oranges, avocados, spinach, potatoes
Foods high in potassium
1.010-1.025
measures how well kidneys are able to conserve or excrete water
URINE SPECIFIC GRAVITY
urine osmolality value range:
measures the amount of _____, _____, and _____.
200-800 mOsm/kg water
creatinine, uric acid, urea
BUN:
end product of ___ metabolism
10-20 mg/dL
liver
