Fluid Electrolyte Exam

Question 1

Osmosis

Answer 1

Movement of water against concentration gradient

Question 2

First spacing

Answer 2

Normal distribution

Question 3

Second spacing

Answer 3

Abnormal distribution

Question 4

Third spacing

Answer 4

Fluid accumulation in part of body where it is not easily exchanged with ECF.

Question 5

What is an interstitial fluid?

Answer 5

Refers to fluid located in the spaces between the cells and lymph

Question 6

What is involved in transcellular fluid

Answer 6

Cerebrospinal, GI, pleural, synovial, peritoneal, intraocular, pericardial

Question 7

Sodium Range and names

Answer 7

136-145. Hyponatremia, hypernatremia

Question 8

Potassium range and names

Answer 8

3.5-5.0. Hypokalemia, hyperkalemia

Question 9

Calcium range and names

Answer 9

9.0-10.5. Hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia

Question 10

Magnesium range and names

Answer 10

1.3-2.1. Hypomagnesemia, hypermagnesemia.

Question 11

What is hypervolemia and symptoms

Answer 11

Excess of extracellular fluid. Jugular venous distention, confusion, peripheral edema, pulmonary edema, seizures

Question 12

What is hypovolemia and symptoms

Answer 12

Deficit of extracellular fluid. Skin turgor, cap refill and output are all decreased. Postural hypotension.

Question 13

Hypotonic

Answer 13

Solutes are less concentrated than the cells. Given for intracellular dehydration

Question 14

Hypertonic

Answer 14

Solutes are more concentrated than the cells. Given for hyponatremia (low sodium)

Question 15

Isotonic

Answer 15

Same osmolality. No fluid movement. Given for fluid resuscitation or maintenance fluids. Increases fluid volume and BP.