fluid, electrolyte, and ph balance

Question 1

what are the components of intracellular fluids

Answer 1

the major cation is potassium and the major anion is hydrogen phosphate (HPO42-)
there are more proteins that plasma here

Question 2

what are the components of extracellular fluids

Answer 2

the major cation is sodium and the major anion is chloride (Cl-)
there are more proteins here, with low chloride amounts in plasma

Question 3

what effect does osmolarity and osmoality have on the movement of water in the body

Question 4

what is the movement pattern of water, ions, nutrients, wastes, and gases between body compartments

Question 5

what is the effect of increase/decreased osmolality on thirst and adh release

Question 6

what is dehydration and does water move in our out of cells in this condition

Question 7

what is water intoxication and does water move in or out of cells in this condition

Question 8

what is edema and does water move in or out of cells in this condition

Question 9

what is the importance of sodium when it comes to hydration, blood volume/pressure, and resting membrane potentials

Question 10

what is the stimuli and effects of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, what is its role in sodium level regulation

Question 11

what is the stimuli of ANP and what is its effect on sodium levels in the body

Question 12

what is the importance of potassium in in resting membrane potentials, neuron signaling, and ph balance

Question 13

what 2 primary factors are responsible for increased/decreased potassium secretion

Question 14

what is the importance of calcium in bone formation, neurotransmission, and muscle contraction

Question 15

what effect does the parathyroid hormone have on calcitonin in calcium homeostasis

Question 16

what is the importance of phosphate in bone formation and ph balance

Question 17

what is the importance of chloride in the maintenance of osmotic pressure and ph balance

Question 18

what the difference between acidosis and alkalosis

Question 19

of the 3 main buffering systems, what order are they activated and what is the potency of each of them

Question 20

how do weak acids and bases function as a buffer in the body

Question 21

how do each of the chemical buffering systems function

Question 22

how do resp. system buffers work against change in ph

Question 23

what is the importance of bicarbonate in the buffering of the renal system

Question 24

how do the functions of the resp. and renal system complement each other in the buffering process

Question 25

what is resp acidosis and alkalosis and what causes each of them

Question 26

what is metabolic acidosis and alkalosis and what causes each of them