Fluid Electrolyte, And Acid Base Balance Flashcards
The equilibrium between the acidity and alkalinity of body fluids is acid base balance it is regulated by the
Pulmonary and renal compensatory systems and by chemical ( buffering) systems .
Body fluids is intracellular or extracellular . Most body fluid is
Intracellular fluid ( inside the cell)
Extracellular fluid which is fluid outside the cell is
Interstitial
Intravascular
Or
Transcellular
Transcellular fluid includes
Cerebrospinal Synovial Peritoneal Pleural Pericardial fluids Also vitreous and aqueous fluid in the eye, and bike and digestive fluids.
Interstitial fluid
Fluid between cells of an organ or tissue, accounts for 25% of total body fluid .
Intravascular fluid
Is blood plasma is approximately 8% of body fluid.
Solutes
Chemical substances that dissolve in a liquid (solvent) . Solutes have crystalloids or colloids.
Colloids
Substances such as proteins that do not easily dissolve.
Crystalloids
Solutes that dissolve easily
Solutes in the body consist of
Electrolytes and nonelectrolytes such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose.
Electrolytes
Charged atoms or molecules (ions) that conduct electrical impulses across cells. They carry a positive ( cation) charge or a negative charge ( anion). The number that carry a + charge and the number that carry a - charge should be equivalent.
Milliequivalent
the ability of cation to bond with anions to form molecules. Electrolytes are measure in milliequivalents per liter of water ( mEq/L)
the concentrations of particular electrolytes are measurably different in intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid. The intravascular and interstitial fluids share the same the same components with the exception of
protein. The intravascular fluid which id blood plasma contains large amounts of protein, predominately albumin.
osmosis
the movement of water across the cell membrane. water moves by osmosis to an area of lower contration of soultes to an area of higher concentration of soutes in an attempt to equalize the concentration across the mebrane.
osmotic pressure
is the force created when two solutions of different concentrations are separated by selective permeable membrane.the cell membrane allows water to move across but not solutes. the greater the differences in concentration of solutes the higher the osmotic pressure.
osmolality
refers to the number of osmols ( unit of osmotic pressure) per kilogram of solvent, which in this case is water,
osmolarity
is the number of osmols per liter of solvent. Osmolarity is used to denote solute concentration.
tonicity
another term used to describe osmolarity, it refers to the levels of osmotic pressure of the solution.
an administers solution that has the same osmolarity as blood plasma is
isotonic solution. an example is normal saline, or 0.9% sodium chloride.
fluids with higher osmolarity than body fluids are
hypertonic solutions-solutions that pull water from cell to the extracellular fluid compartment causing cell shrinkage.
solutions with lower osmolaritty than body fluids are
hypotomic solutions- excess water moves into the cell, causes the cell to swell.
osmotic pressure in the intravascular ( colloidosmotic pressure- oncotic pressure) space is controlled by
plasma proteins-mostly albumin . Plasma proteins are too large to move through the capillary membrane, they hold fluid in the intravascular space.
filtration
process by which fluid and solutes move together from an area of higher pressure to lower pressure .
hydrostatic pressure
the force of the fliud pressing aganist the blood vessels-controlled by the force of myocardial contraction, rate of contraction, and blood flow.
fluid balance is influence by two opposing forces of
hydrostatic and and oncotic pressure,
filtrations across a sectively permable membrane occurs when
the hydrostatic pressure is greater thanhe oncotic pressure . This allows for oxygenand nutirents to move from ther arterial capillary bed into the cells.
