Fluid Electrolyte 2

Question 0

ECF=

And how much body fluids

Answer 0

Extracellular fluid

1/4-1/3

Question 1

ICF =

And how much body fluid

Answer 1

Intracellular fluid

2/3-3/4 of the body fluids

Question 2

There are two types of ECF (Extracellular fluid) what do they do

Answer 2

Intravacular fluids pick up o2 in lungs and nutrients in the gastrointestinal system to the interstitial fluid to cell where o2 and nutrients are used for by the cell

Question 3

ICF deficit- hypovolemia

Answer 3

Dehydration

Decrease in fluid intake or marked increase in fluid output

Question 4

What are the Causes and s/s of hypovolemia

Answer 4

Causes-Hyperventilation, diarrhea, vomiting,
S/S postural hypertension, weight loss, elevated temp, oliguria (report)
Weak rapid pulse

Question 5

ECF excess- hypervolemia

Answer 5

Increase blood volume
Edema increase fluid interstitial compartments
Increase Extracellular osmolarity

Question 6

What are the cause and s/s of hypervolemia

Answer 6

Cardiac insufficiency- decrease renal perfusion
Protein depletion- decrease plasma protein
Rapid administration of Iv saline
cirrhosis
Excessive water intake
S/S - peripheral edema, moist coracle lungs, wt gain, distend veins,

Question 7

What is third spacing

Answer 7

Fluid where is shift to a cavity where it shouldn’t be

Question 8

What is ascites

Answer 8

Fluid shifted into the abdomen

Question 9

Hypokalemia occurs (causes) when
Lab value
Abbr

Answer 9

<3.5, k+
Poor intake of k+
Iv fluids for several days without dietary supplements of k+
Excessive use of diuretic
Increase aldosterone secretion

Question 10

s/s of Hypokalemia

Answer 10

Myocardial irritability ( arrhythmias, weak and irregular pulse)
Anorexia, vomiting, abdominal distinction, paralytic ileus
Profound muscle weakness
Postural hypotension

Question 11

Hyperkalemia occurs when

Lab value

Answer 11

> 5.3
Supplements no longer needed
Renal failure , insulin insuffinencicy
Acidosis- k+ shift out of cells in exchange for h+

Question 12

S/s of Hyperkalemia

Answer 12

> 8
GI hyperactivity
Confusion and irritability

Question 13

Hypocalcemia occurs when lab value

Answer 13

< 4.3
Poor dietary intake of calcium and vitamin d defiency 
Loss via kidney 
Metabolic alkalosis
Decrease in parathyroid hormone

Question 14

S/s of hypocalcemia

Answer 14

Increase excitability
Tetany - muscle spasm, sharp flexion of wrist and ankles
Parathesias-numbness
Anxiety, irritability
Altered bleeding and clotting time

Question 15

Hypercalcemia occurs when lab value

Answer 15

>10.5 
Excessive intake of vitamin d
Excessive intake of alkali compound (antacids )
Prolonged immobilizations 
Metastatic disease of bone
Metabolic acidosis
Parathyroid disease

Question 16

S/s of Hypercalcemia

Answer 16

Deep bone pain
Sedative effects
High blood levels- kidney stones - shift of calcium from bones resulting in osteoporosis
Increased cardiac arrhythmias
High incidences of psychiatric disturbance

Question 17

Hyponatremia occurs when
What is is
Lab value
Sign

Answer 17

Sodium, Na + , <135
Use of electrolyte free Iv solutin 
Fresh water drowning or increase h20 swallowing 
Ng tube irrigation with plain h20
Inadequate amount aldosterone
H20 deprivation

Question 18

Hyponatremia s/s

Answer 18

Feelings of apprehension , confusion, lethargy, headache
Muscle cramps
Postural hypotension

Question 19

Hypernatremia occurs when

Lab value

Answer 19

>145
Ingest to much Na without water
Salt water drowning 
Failure to drink water 
Excessive dieresis 
Ketoacidosis
To much aldosterone

Question 20

S/s hypernatremia

Answer 20

Edema, red flushed skin, dry sticky mucos, increased thirst, elevated temp, decrease urination, fatigue, restless