Fluid And Electrolytes

Question 0

What is 2/3- 3/4 of body fluids

Answer 0

Intracellular fluids ICF

Question 1

What is the percentage of water and solidness of the body

Answer 1

60% water 40% solid based on age sex fat sex

Question 2

What is 1/4-1/3 constant motion and acts as transportation system for nutrients to and waste products from the cell

Answer 2

Extra cellular fluids ECF

Question 3

Movement of water across cell membranes from an area of lesser solute concentration to greater

Answer 3

Osmosis

Question 4

When does ICF occur

Answer 4

Hypovolemia-dehydration
Occurs when there is and abrupt decrease in fluid intake or marked increase in fluid output
Hyperventilation cause
S/s oliguria

Question 5

When does ECF occur

Answer 5

Hypervolemia

Edema

Question 6

What cause fluid volume excess

Answer 6

Cardiac insufficiency decrease renal perfusion
Protein depletion decrease protein
Rapid admin of Iv saline

Question 7

Fluid shift to a cavity where it shouldn’t be

Answer 7

Third spacing

Question 8

Decrease in hepatic perfusion results in decrease renal blood flow

Answer 8

Cirrhosis

Question 9

Press fingers firmly against edema torus area for 5 sec and measure depth in mLmeters

Answer 9

Pitting

Question 10

What is poor intake of potassium and it’s lab value

Answer 10

Hypokalemia <3.5 mEq/L

Question 11

What are the s/s and nursing interventions of Hypokalemia

Answer 11

Myocardial irritability, anorexia, vomiting

Food source potassium ( bananas, orange, potatoes, ) LASIK deplete

Question 12

What is needed for cell membrane integrity/ structure adequate, cardiac contraction, bone growth

Answer 12

Calcium

Question 13

What is poor dietary intake of calcium and or vitamin D defiency and it lab value

Answer 13

Hypocalcemia

4.3 mEq/L

Question 14

What occurs with hypocalcemia

Answer 14

Loss via kidney

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 15

What occurs with to much intake of potassium and it’s lab value

Answer 15

Hyperkalemia

> 5.3 mEq/dl

Question 16

What are the s/s and nursing intervention of hyperkalemia

Answer 16

GI hyperactivity (abdominal distinction and diarrhea)

Reduced k+ in diet , monitor labs and cardiac function
Insulin and glucose can be used to lower potassium

Question 17

What are the s/s and nursing interventions of hypocalcemia

Answer 17

Due to increased excitability
Tetany (muscle spam)
Parathesis (numbness)

Take ca+ milk dairy grain nuts
Seizure precaution

Question 18

What is excessive intake of vitamin D and it’s lab value

Answer 18

Hypercalcemia

10.5 mg/dl (5.3meg/l

Question 19

What are the s/s and nursing interventions of Hypercalcemia

Answer 19

High blood pressure that results in osteoporosis
Increase cardiac arrhythmias

Inspect urine
Encourage movement

Question 20

What is the most abundant in ECF and maintains water balance , transmits nerve impulse and muscle contractions

Answer 20

Sodium

Question 21

What is excessive intake of h2p and it’s lab value

Answer 21

Hyponatremia

<135meq/L

Question 22

What are the S/S and nursing interventions of hyponatremia

Answer 22

Postural hypotension , confusion, apprehension , muscle cramps, seizures

Rings lactate

Question 23

What is the injection of to much sodium and it’s lab value

Answer 23

Hypernatremia

>145meq/L

Question 24

What are the s/s and nursing interventions of hypernatremia

Answer 24

Edema red flushed skin increased thirst elevated temp

Reduced salt intake
Increase fluid intake