Fluid And Electrolytes Flashcards
What is 2/3- 3/4 of body fluids
Intracellular fluids ICF
What is the percentage of water and solidness of the body
60% water 40% solid based on age sex fat sex
What is 1/4-1/3 constant motion and acts as transportation system for nutrients to and waste products from the cell
Extra cellular fluids ECF
Movement of water across cell membranes from an area of lesser solute concentration to greater
Osmosis
When does ICF occur
Hypovolemia-dehydration
Occurs when there is and abrupt decrease in fluid intake or marked increase in fluid output
Hyperventilation cause
S/s oliguria
When does ECF occur
Hypervolemia
Edema
What cause fluid volume excess
Cardiac insufficiency decrease renal perfusion
Protein depletion decrease protein
Rapid admin of Iv saline
Fluid shift to a cavity where it shouldn’t be
Third spacing
Decrease in hepatic perfusion results in decrease renal blood flow
Cirrhosis
Press fingers firmly against edema torus area for 5 sec and measure depth in mLmeters
Pitting
What is poor intake of potassium and it’s lab value
Hypokalemia <3.5 mEq/L
What are the s/s and nursing interventions of Hypokalemia
Myocardial irritability, anorexia, vomiting
Food source potassium ( bananas, orange, potatoes, ) LASIK deplete
What is needed for cell membrane integrity/ structure adequate, cardiac contraction, bone growth
Calcium
What is poor dietary intake of calcium and or vitamin D defiency and it lab value
Hypocalcemia
4.3 mEq/L
What occurs with hypocalcemia
Loss via kidney
Hypoparathyroidism
What occurs with to much intake of potassium and it’s lab value
Hyperkalemia
> 5.3 mEq/dl
What are the s/s and nursing intervention of hyperkalemia
GI hyperactivity (abdominal distinction and diarrhea)
Reduced k+ in diet , monitor labs and cardiac function
Insulin and glucose can be used to lower potassium
What are the s/s and nursing interventions of hypocalcemia
Due to increased excitability
Tetany (muscle spam)
Parathesis (numbness)
Take ca+ milk dairy grain nuts
Seizure precaution
What is excessive intake of vitamin D and it’s lab value
Hypercalcemia
10.5 mg/dl (5.3meg/l
What are the s/s and nursing interventions of Hypercalcemia
High blood pressure that results in osteoporosis
Increase cardiac arrhythmias
Inspect urine
Encourage movement
What is the most abundant in ECF and maintains water balance , transmits nerve impulse and muscle contractions
Sodium
What is excessive intake of h2p and it’s lab value
Hyponatremia
<135meq/L
What are the S/S and nursing interventions of hyponatremia
Postural hypotension , confusion, apprehension , muscle cramps, seizures
Rings lactate
What is the injection of to much sodium and it’s lab value
Hypernatremia
>145meq/L
What are the s/s and nursing interventions of hypernatremia
Edema red flushed skin increased thirst elevated temp
Reduced salt intake
Increase fluid intake
