Fluid Disorder Tx

Question 1

Hypocalcemia

Answer 1

200-300 mg elemental Ca IV

1 g calcium chloride or 2-3 g calcium gluconate

Question 2

Hypermagnesemia

Answer 2

IV calcium gluconate (not tx, just to stop adverse effects)

NS + furosemide or hemodialysis

Question 3

Hypomagnesemia

Answer 3

Mag 1.0-1.5: oral mag

Mag

Question 4

Hyperphosphatemia

Answer 4

Diet restriction
If tetany: IV calcium salts
Calcium carbonate 1-2 g/meal
If severe, phosphate binders

Question 5

Hypophosphatemia

Answer 5

Mild (2.0-2.5): eat high Phos foods (eggs, nuts, whole grains)
Moderate (1.0-2.5): oral Phosphates
Severe (

Question 6

Hypokalemia

Answer 6

Potassium chloride
Infuse 10 - peripherally
Infuse 40 - centrally

Question 7

Hyperkalemia

Answer 7

If > 7 mEq/L and/or EKG changes: IV calcium
Dextrose 50% and 10 Units Insulin +/- bicarb
albuterol for temp correction
Chronic treatment: sodium polystyrene

Question 8

Hypertonic hyponatremia

Answer 8

Treat glucose: insulin

Question 9

Hypovolemic hyponatremia

Answer 9

Normal saline

Question 10

Euvolemic hyponatremia

Answer 10

Slight fluid restriction
Hypertonic NS (3%)

Question 11

Hypervolemic hyponatremia

Answer 11

Sodium and fluid restriction
Loop diuretic
ACE-inhibitor
Spironolactone

Question 12

Hypercalcemia

Answer 12

200-300 mL NS
then
Furosemide 40-80 mg