Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Therapy 3 > Fluid and Fluid Disorders > Flashcards

Fluid and Fluid Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the relation of TBW to body fat?

A

As fat increases, TBW percent decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the IBW calculation for males and females?

A

Males = 50 + 2.3 (ht in inches - 60)

Females = 45.5 + 2.3 (ht in inches - 60)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What ratio is Intracellular fluid/extracellular fluid?

A 
ICF = 2/3
ECF = 1/3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ICF is rich in what electrolytes?

A

Potassium
Magnesium
Phosphates
Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ECF is rich in what electrolytes?

A

Sodium
Chloride
Bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two fluid sub-compartments of the ECF compartment?

A

Interstitial fluid (fluid space between the cells) 3/4

Intravascular (plasma, blood vessel compartments) 1/4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the tools to assess fluid balance?

A 
Blood Pressure
Arterial Catheter (ART line)
Pulmonary Artery Catheters
Central Venous Catheters
Physical Exam
Monitoring I/O's
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of depletion is Intravascular depletion?

A

It is a type of extracellular fluid depletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a quick indicator for intravascular fluid loss?

A

Checking for an increase in the BUN/Scr ratio (> 20:1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the causes of intravascular depletions?

A 
Acute hemorrhage
Dieresis
Burns
GI losses (vomiting, diarrhea)
Adrenal insufficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the internal redistributions of intravascular depletion?

A

Septic shock
Anaphylactic shock
Abdominal Ascites (common in liver disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the characteristics of TBW depletion?

A

Characterized by a loss of hypotonic fluid from ALL body compartments (2/3 ICF and 1/3 ECF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of TBW depletion?

A

CNS disturbances (mental status)
Excessive thirst
Dry mucous membranes
Decreases skin turgor
Elevated serum sodium and plasma osmolality
Concentrated urine (dark)
Acute weight loss (loss of one liter ~ loss of 2 pounds of body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the causes of TBW depletion?

A 
Lack of sufficient oral intake
Excessive insensible losses (fever, hot weather)
Diabetes Insipidus
Uncontrolled DM
Failure of kidney urine-conc. mechanisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the maintenance calculation for adult fluid requirements?

A

1500 mL + 20 mL for each kg over 20kg’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the TBW deficit calculation?

A

Water deficit = normal TBW - present TBW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is considered a normal sodium concentration?

A

140 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the the three therapeutic fluids used?

A

Crystalloid solutions
Colloid solutions
Oxygen-Carrying resuscitation solutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do hypertonic solutions do to the cell?

A

Hypertonic solutions draw water out of the cell and int the ECF

20
Q

What do hypotonic solutions do to the cell?

A

Hypotonic solutions pull water into cells from the ECF

21
Q

What is the TBW calculation?

A

TBW = wt (kg) x 0.6

22
Q

What are the most common crystalloid solutions?

A

Normal, half-normal, and hypertonic Saline
Ringers solution
Lacerated ringers solution

23
Q

What is one important use of hypertonic saline?

A

Hypertonic saline is used to lower intracranial pressure

24
Q

What do lactated ringer solutions replace?

A 
Sodium
Chloride
Lactate
Potassium
Calcium
25
What are cautions of using lactated ringer solutions?
Large volumes of LR lead to metabolic alkalosis (caution in hepatic dysfunction) Never use in liver diseased patients (caused lactic acidosis)
26
What electrolytes does Ringers Solution contain?
Sodium Chloride Calcium Potassium
27
What is the caution with D5W in NS?
Caution in cardiac or renal patients because of HF and pulmonary edema
28
What is the sodium and chloride content of NS?
154 mEq/L each
29
What are the colloidal solutions?
Albumin 5% or 25% Dextrans Hetastarch Fresh frozen plasma
30
What is the MOA of colloidal solutions?
They increase plasma osmotic pressure and effectively move fluid from the interstitial compartment to the plasma compartment.
31
When do you NOT use HES
In critically ill patients (sepsis) | In patients with renal or liver dysfunction
32
What are HES indications?
Treatment and prophylaxis of hypovolemia
33
In patients demonstrating signs of impaired tissue perfusion, the standard therapy is...
Normal Saline administered briskly (150-500 mL/hr) until S/add of impaired tissue perfusion have minimized or disappeared.
34
In patients demonstrating elevated plasma osmolality and serum sodium concentrations, use
Hypotonic solutions: 1/2 NS, D5 1/2 NS
35
Never use hypertonic or colloidal solutions in...
TBW depletion
36
What are conditions that may predispose patients to fluid overload?
Renal failure Cardiac failure Hepatic failure Elderly Replenish cautiously!
37
What are examples of excessive intake?
``` Excessive IV fluid Blood/plasma use Hypertonic fluids Excess dietary sodium Colloid use Water intoxication Remobilization of edema ```
38
What are some examples of inadequate output?
``` CHF Cirrhosis Nephrotic syndrome Hyperaldoseronism Low dietary protein Steroid use ```
39
What are examples of fluid deficits?
Inadequate replacement: poor oral intake, inadequate IV fluids Excessive Loss: GI losses, renal, metabolic, skin, third spacing
40
D5W uses...
Fluid loss Dehydration Hypernatremia
41
NS uses...
``` Shock Hyponatremia blood transfusions Resuscitation Fluid challenges Diabetic ketoacidosis ```
42
Lactated Ringer uses...
``` Dehydration Burns Lower GI fluid loss Acute blood loss Hypovolemia due to third spacing ```
43
1/2 NS uses...
Water replacement DKA Gastric fluid loss from NG or vomiting
44
D5 1/2 NS uses...
Later in DKA therapy
45
D5 in NS uses...
Temp. treatment for shock if plasma expanders aren't available Addisons crisis
46
D10W uses...
Water replacement. | Conditions where some nutrition with glucose is required.
47
3% saline uses...
Treatment of severe symptomatic hyponatremia. | Traumatic brain injury.

Therapy 3 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions