Fluid Balance, BMP, and CBC (w/Diff)

Question 1

To maintain homeostasis, fluids

Answer 1

IN must EQUAL fluids OUT

Question 2

Examples of fluid sources for the body

Answer 2

Beverages
Food
Metabolism of Nutrients
IV Fluids

Question 3

A healthy adult client takes in about _________ mL of fluid/day.

Answer 3

2,500

Question 4

In a healthy adult client, kidneys make about ____________ mL of urine/day.

Answer 4

1,500

Question 5

In an elderly patient, it is appropriate to check for skin turgor where?

Answer 5

The glabella (middle of forehead between the eyes)

Question 6

What fluid do you give to raise the B/P?

Answer 6

Isotonic Fluids like 0.9% NS or Lactated Ringers

Question 7

Which fluids “shift” water from the extracellular space into the cells, or rehydrate the cells?

Answer 7

Hypotonic Fluids (0.45%)

Question 8

Which fluids “shift’ water out of the cells?

Answer 8

Hypertonic Fluids (3%)

Question 9

What are hypertonic fluids used for?

Answer 9

To raise the sodium and chloride concentration outside the cells

Question 10

A high sodium level with normal creatinine level indicates

Answer 10

Dehydration

Question 11

What indicates renal failure?

Answer 11

Abnormal BUN + abnormal creatinine

Sodium, Potassium, and eGFR may also be elevated

Question 12

What is used to bring down Potassium levels?

Answer 12

Kayexalate. If that doesn’t work well, the provider may order regular insulin IV with 50% dextrose.

Question 13

A low WBC (leukopenia) may be a sign of

Answer 13

immunosuppression

Question 14

What are segs?

Answer 14

mature neutrophils

Question 15

What are bands?

Answer 15

immature neutrophils

Question 16

What is ANC

Answer 16

Absolute Neutrophil Count

WBC x %of neutrophils

Question 17

How do the stem cells in the bone marrow know what kind of blood cell the body needs?

Answer 17

Decreased oxygenation leads to erythropoietin released from the kidneys - RBC

Injury to capillary walls - platelets

Infection/foreign bodies stimulate WBC

Question 18

Neutrophils in action

Answer 18

they are attracted to areas of the body that are infected/inflamed; destroy invading cells by phagocytosis

Question 19

Eosinophils in action

Answer 19

increased numbers are often seen with parasitic infection; often migrate to GI, respiratory and urinary tracts

may also be seen increased with allergic problems such as asthma

Question 20

Basophils in action

Answer 20

contain heparin and histamine which promotes inflammation; responsible for allergic reactions

Question 21

Which WBC’s remain as “memory cells”?

Answer 21

B-lymphocytes