Fluid Balance And Intravenous Therapy Flashcards
What percent of body fluid is water?
60%
Fluids in the body are affected by
Age
Gender
Body fat
Body fluid is divided into how many compartments?
2
Fluid found inside the cells is
Intracellular
2/3 of fluid
Fluid found outside the cells
Extracellular
1/3 of fluid
Extracellular is broken down into 3 divisions, which are
Intravascular
Interstitial
Transcellular
Intravascular
Found in the vascular system that consists of arteries, veins, and capillary networks
Intravascular fluid is whole _______ _________ and also includes:
Blood volume
Also includes RBCs WBCs plasma and platelets (about 3L)
Interstitial
Fluid between cells
About 10L
Transcellular
Cerebral spinal fluid, synovial fluid, peritoneal and pleural fluid.
Each of the fluid compartments is separated by a ____________ ____________ that permits movement of what?
Permeable membrane that permits movement of water and some solutes
What molecules can move freely between compartments?
Small molecules like urea and water
What molecules cannot cross readily between compartments?
Protein
Filtration
Movement of fluid (water) across cell membrane due to hydrostatic pressure
Diffusion
Movement of molecules/substances from a higher area of concentration to a lower area of concentration
Osmosis
Movement of fluid (water) from areas of more fluid to areas of less fluid
In diffusion, __________ move
Solutes
In diffusion, movement stops when
Concentration are equal in both areas
In osmosis, __________ move
Fluids
Semipermeable membrane
is a type of biological or synthetic, polymeric membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by osmosis
What does osmotic balance mean?
The control of water and electrolyte balance in the body.
Where is ATP made?
Mitochondria
Hydrostatic
Pushing force, pushes fluid out of capillaries
Think heart
Oncotic
Pulling force, pulls fluids from tissue into capillaries
Think albumin
Whenever hydrostatic pressure is greater than oncotic pressure,
Fluid will leave the capillaries
Whenever the oncotic pressure is greater than the hydrostatic pressure,
Fluid will enter the capillaries
Fluid shifts can cause
Edema and dehydration
First spacing
The normal distribution of fluid in ICF and ECF compartments
Second spacing
Abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid (edema)
Third spacing
Excess fluid accumulation in nonfunctional areas between cells
Third spacing occurs as a result of
Increased permeability of the capillary membrane or decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Anasarca
Severe, generalized edema makes by profound swelling of subcutaneous tissues and accumulation of fluid in body cavities
