Diabetes Definitions

Question 1

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 1

A metabolic disorder that affects how the body uses sugar (glucose)

Question 2

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Answer 2

An autoimmune disease that originates when cells that make insulin are destroyed by the immune system

Question 3

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Answer 3

A chronic condition that occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin

Question 4

insulin

Answer 4

Peptide hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets

Question 5

Exogenous insulin

Answer 5

Insulin that comes from outside the body

Question 6

Endogenous insulin

Answer 6

Insulin that the pancreas makes to regulate blood sugar levels

Question 7

Insulin resistance

Answer 7

Pathological condition in which cells either fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin or downregulate insulin receptors in response to hyperinsulinemia

Question 8

Insulin insufficiency

Answer 8

Your body makes insulin but not the amount that you need

Question 9

Hypoglycemia

Answer 9

Low blood sugar, levels less than 70 mg/dl

Question 10

Hyperglycemia

Answer 10

High blood sugar, levels greater than 200 mg/dl

Question 11

Lipohypertrophy

Answer 11

Is a lump under the skin caused by accumulation of extra fat at the site of many subcutaneous injections of insulin

Question 12

Glycolysis

Answer 12

Process through which glucose is broken down into water and carbon dioxide with the release of energy

Question 13

Glycogenolysis

Answer 13

Refers to the breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Question 14

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 14

Process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (protein and fat)

Question 15

Glucagon

Answer 15

Hormone that triggers liver glucagon to convert back to glucose and use for energy

Question 16

Glucose

Answer 16

Sugar in blood stream

Question 17

Glycogen

Answer 17

Is the stored form of glucose (energy)

Question 18

Polyuria

Answer 18

Excessive urine

Question 19

Polyphagia

Answer 19

Excessive hunger/eating

Question 20

Polydipsia

Answer 20

Intense thirst

Question 21

Microvascular

Answer 21

Relating to the smallest blood vessels

Question 22

macrovascular

Answer 22

Relating to the larger blood vessels

Question 23

Retinopathy

Answer 23

Disease of the retina which results in impairment or loss of vision

Question 24

Nephropathy

Answer 24

Damage to the small blood vessels in the glomeruli of the kidney

Question 25

Neuropathy

Answer 25

Disease or dysfunction of one or more peripheral nerves, typically causing numbness or weakness

Question 26

Cerebrovascular

Answer 26

Disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain

Question 27

cardiovascular

Answer 27

Disease of the blood vessels supplying the heart

Question 28

Basal-Bolus insulin therapy

Answer 28

Exogenous insulin therapy that mimics physiological insulin secretion of a “normal” pancreas

Question 29

Basal insulin

Answer 29

Long acting insulin that covers the blood glucose the liver makes naturally, 24 hrs a day

Question 30

Bolus insulin

Answer 30

Fast acting insulin that is given for the rise in blood glucose that occurs when food is consumed

Question 31

Correction insulin

Answer 31

Fast acting insulin that is given in addition to scheduled insulins to bring an elevated blood glucose back into target range

Question 32

Onset

Answer 32

Duration of time it takes for a drugs effect to come to prominence upon administration

Question 33

Peak

Answer 33

Time period when the effect of the drug is at optimal strength

Question 34

Duration

Answer 34

Length of time that the drug is effective