Fluid balance

Question 1

what are the mechanism of fluid balance

Answer 1

1. baroreceptors
2. RAAS
3. Vasopressin
4. ANP

Question 2

On average what is the proportion of total body water in an adult

Answer 2

60%

Question 3

How is the total body water distributed between the intracellular and extracellular compartment

Answer 3

2/3 Intracellular compartment
1/3 extracellular compartment

Question 4

What is the preoperative evaluation of fluid status

Answer 4

h/o intake and output
blood pressure supine and standing
heart rate
skin
urine output
mental status

Question 5

What is the significance of orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 5

When SBP decreases of greater than 20 mmHg from supine to standing. It indicates significant fluid loss. heart rate should increase as a compensatory measure. if no increase in heart rate, may indicate autonomic dysfunction or antihypertensive drug therapy

Question 6

What is the formula for maintenance fluid requirements

Answer 6

1. 4-2-1 rule
2. insensible losses approximately 1.5ml/kg/hr

Question 7

NPO deficit calculation

Answer 7

number of hours NPO * maintenance fluid requierement

Question 8

What is the significance if third space and invisible losses

Answer 8

isotonod trnafer of ECF to from functional body fluid compartments. depends on the type of surgery

Question 9

Blood loss

Answer 9

we use 1;1 ration

Question 10

What are tehe types in intravenous fluids we use for rescucitation

Answer 10

1. Crystalloids
2. Colliods

Question 11

What is the composition of ringer lactate

Answer 11

Na130, Cl109, K4, Ca3, Lactate 28

Question 12

What is the composition of Normal Saline, (0.9%)

Answer 12

Na154, Cl154

Question 13

what are the examples of colloids

Answer 13

Albumin, dextran, hespan

Question 14

What is the formula for Allowable blood loss

Answer 14

ABL = EBV (HB (INITIAL-HB(FINAL)/HB initial