Fluid balance Flashcards

1
Q

what are the mechanism of fluid balance

A
  1. baroreceptors
  2. RAAS
  3. Vasopressin
  4. ANP
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2
Q

On average what is the proportion of total body water in an adult

A

60%

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3
Q

How is the total body water distributed between the intracellular and extracellular compartment

A

2/3 Intracellular compartment
1/3 extracellular compartment

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4
Q

What is the preoperative evaluation of fluid status

A

h/o intake and output
blood pressure supine and standing
heart rate
skin
urine output
mental status

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5
Q

What is the significance of orthostatic hypotension?

A

When SBP decreases of greater than 20 mmHg from supine to standing. It indicates significant fluid loss. heart rate should increase as a compensatory measure. if no increase in heart rate, may indicate autonomic dysfunction or antihypertensive drug therapy

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6
Q

What is the formula for maintenance fluid requirements

A
  1. 4-2-1 rule
  2. insensible losses approximately 1.5ml/kg/hr
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7
Q

NPO deficit calculation

A

number of hours NPO * maintenance fluid requierement

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8
Q

What is the significance if third space and invisible losses

A

isotonod trnafer of ECF to from functional body fluid compartments. depends on the type of surgery

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9
Q

Blood loss

A

we use 1;1 ration

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10
Q

What are tehe types in intravenous fluids we use for rescucitation

A
  1. Crystalloids
  2. Colliods
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11
Q

What is the composition of ringer lactate

A

Na130, Cl109, K4, Ca3, Lactate 28

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12
Q

What is the composition of Normal Saline, (0.9%)

A

Na154, Cl154

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13
Q

what are the examples of colloids

A

Albumin, dextran, hespan

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14
Q

What is the formula for Allowable blood loss

A

ABL = EBV (HB (INITIAL-HB(FINAL)/HB initial

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