Complications of anaesthesia Flashcards
What are common airway injuries during anesthesia?
Airway injuries can be caused by the placement of a laryngoscope, oropharyngeal airway, laryngeal mask, or endotracheal tube, affecting mouth structures and the throat.
How can corneal ulceration during anesthesia be prevented?
Taping the eyes closed can prevent corneal ulceration, which occurs due to the loss of blink reflex during anesthesia.
What are some nerve injuries related to improper positioning during surgery?
Injuries can occur to the radial nerve (Saturday night palsy), ulnar nerve, brachial plexus, lateral popliteal nerve (foot drop), and femoral nerve.
What are complications associated with regional anesthesia?
Complications include epidural abscess, meningitis, epidural hematoma, nerve injuries, post-spinal headache, hypotension, and high/total spinal block.
What are early complications of central venous cannulation?
Early complications include pneumothorax, hemothorax, nerve damage, dysrhythmias (guide wire related), and air embolism.
What are risk factors for post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV)?
Risk factors include anesthetic factors (e.g., prolonged starvation, hypotension, emetic drugs), patient factors (e.g., children, females, obesity), and surgical factors (e.g., ear, eye, intra-abdominal surgeries).
What pharmacological agents are used to manage PONV?
Anti-emetics such as Droperidol, Prochlorperazine, Ondansetron, Dexamethasone, and Metoclopramide.
What are the consequences of hypothermia in anesthesia?
Hypothermia (<35°C) can cause coagulopathy, poor ventilatory effort, dysrhythmias, slowed drug metabolism, and increased oxygen consumption during shivering
How can hypothermia be prevented during surgery?
Using a forced air warming blanket, warm IV fluids, warm inhaled gases, and increasing operating room temperature.
What are life-threatening complications of endotracheal intubation?
These include failure to intubate, endobronchial intubation, kinking, and obstruction due to secretions or foreign bodies.
What are the major risk factors for perioperative aspiration?
Full stomach, ileus, acute abdomen, hiatus hernia, pregnancy, obesity, and gastric outlet obstruction.
What is the management for aspiration-related complications?
Preoperative fasting, avoiding solid food for 6 hours, and ensuring clear fluids at least 2 hours before elective procedures can prevent aspiration.
What are cardiovascular complications during anesthesia?
Hypotension, hypertension, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and myocardial infarction.
What are the pharmacogenetic diseases related to anesthesia?
Malignant hyperthermia, halothane hepatitis, porphyria, and suxamethonium apnea.
