Fluid Balance

Question 1

• controls/ regulates sodium
• regulates fluid output/ BP
• triggered by decreased BP or low blood volume

Answer 1

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 2

RAAS
- two fold system:
_______constriction;
retention of ______;
_______ saves salt, _______ follows salt.

Answer 2

vasoconstriction, sodium, aldosterone, water

Question 3

RAAS
major organ to regulate BP

Answer 3

kidneys

Question 4

what 2 med classes effect RAAS?

Answer 4

ACE & ARB

Question 5

• diarrhea, vomiting, excessive sweating, fever, poor intake
• loss of fluids is greater than fluid input
• at risk: young/old, chronic disease, diuretic medications, those that work outdoors.

Answer 5

deficient fluid volume (hypovolemia/ dehydration)

Question 6

• caused by heart failure, kidney failure, cirrhosis, pregnancy
• S/S:
  edema (LE first = dependent edema)
  ascites
  dyspnea
  crackles

Answer 6

excessive fluid volume (hypervolemia)

Question 7

• very thirsty
• dry mouth
• headache
• dry skin
• urinating/ sweating less than normal
• feeling tired
• change in mental status
• dizziness d/t decreased BP
• elevated HR (compensation)

Answer 7

S/S dehydration

Question 8

• fluid remains in the IV space, no movement of fluid between compartments
• 0.9% NaCl

Answer 8

isotonic

Question 9

• osmosis
• water moves into the intracellular space
• flow into cells
• cells SWELL
• 0.45% NaCl

Answer 9

hypotonic

Question 10

• flows out of cell
• cells shrink
• osmosis
• 3% NaCl

Answer 10

hypertonic

Question 11

Problem:
- fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia)
- raised BP

caution: avoid excess fluids

Answer 11

isotonic

Question 12

treats cellular dehydration (remember: flows into cells)

caution: cerebral edema, worsening hypovolemia, and hypotension

Answer 12

hypotonic

Question 13

caution: hypervolemia (breathing difficulty and elevated BP)

• if sodium is given with this, monitor serum sodium levels

Answer 13

hypertonic