Acid/Base Balance

Question 1

normal pH level

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

normal CO2 level

Answer 2

35-45

Question 3

normal HCO3 level

Answer 3

22-26

Question 4

normal PaO2 level

Answer 4

80-100

Question 5

normal SpO2 level

Answer 5

95 - 100

Question 6

if pH is high (more basic), K+ is _____.

Answer 6

low (opposites)

Question 7

if pH is low (more acidic), K+ is _____.

Answer 7

high (opposites)

Question 8

respiratory and supports kidneys

Answer 8

CO2

Question 9

metabolic and supports lungs

Answer 9

HCO3

Question 10

pH: below 7.35
CO2: above 45

Answer 10

respiratory acidosis

Question 11

pH: above 7.45
CO2: below 35

Answer 11

respiratory alkalosis

Question 12

pH: below 7.35
HCO3: below 22

Answer 12

metabolic acidosis

Question 13

pH: above 7.45
HCO3: above 26

Answer 13

metabolic alkalosis

Question 14

Causes:
- acute asthma
- CPOD
- acute heart failure
- alcohol

Answer 14

respiratory acidosis

Question 15

Causes:
- hyperventilation
- overdose of salicylates
- acute asthma
- pulmonary embolism

Answer 15

respiratory alkalosis

Question 16

Causes:
- DKA
- lactic acidosis
- severe diarrhea
- renal disease/ failure

Answer 16

metabolic acidosis

Question 17

Causes:
- severe vomiting
- excessive GI suction
- diuretics
- excessive NaHCO3 (antacids)

Answer 17

metabolic alkalosis

Question 18

dyspnea
delirium
paranoia
depression
confusion
coma (very high)

Answer 18

respiratory acidosis

Question 19

SOB
palpations
dizziness
chest pain/ tightness
paresthesias (hypocalcemia)

Answer 19

respiratory alkalosis

Question 20

rapid breathing (kussmal breathing)
confusion
decreased LOC
hypotension
electrolyte disturbance

Answer 20

metabolic acidosis

Question 21

dysrhythmia
hypoventilation/ resp. depression
nausea/ vomiting/ diarrhea
paresthesia (hypocalcemia)

Answer 21

metabolic alkalosis