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Unit 3 > Fluid And Electrolytes Vocab > Flashcards

Fluid And Electrolytes Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Active Transport

A

Process that uses metabolic energy to move substances across cell membranes from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one.

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2
Q

Anions

A

Ions that carry a negative charge

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3
Q

Body Surface Areas (BSA)

A

The relationship between height and weight in square meters.

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4
Q

Cations

A

Ions that carry a positive charge

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5
Q

Colloid Osmotic Pressure

A

Pulling water from interstitial into the vascular compartment; also called on oncotic pressure.

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6
Q

Colloids

A

Substances such as large protein molecules that do not readily dissolve into true solutions.

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7
Q

Crystalloids

A

Salts that dissolve readily into true solutions.

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8
Q

Diffusion

A

The continual intermingling of. Molecules in liquids, gases, or solids brought about by random movement of the molecules.

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9
Q

Edema

A

Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in body tissues

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10
Q

Electrolytes

A

Charges ions capable of conducting electricity.

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11
Q

Extracellular Fluid

A

Fluid found outside the cells; accounts for about one third of total body fluid.

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12
Q

Filtration

A

A process whereby fluid and solutes move together across a membrane from one compartment to another.

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13
Q

Fluid volume Deficit (FVD)

A

When output substantially exceeds intake

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14
Q

Fluid Volume Excess (FVE)

A

Occure s when both water and sodium are retained by the body. Can be caused by Fluid volume overload .
Pt’s with heart disease, kidney dysfunction, or diabetes, with peripheral vascular disease are at increased risk.

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15
Q

Hematocrit

A

Measures the volume (percentage) of whole blood that is composed of RBC’s.

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16
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

The pressure a fluid exerts within a closed system.

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17
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Elevated potassium levels

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18
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Sodium Excess

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19
Q

Hypertonic

A

Solutions having higher levels of solutes such as D5NS or D5LRS.

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20
Q

Hypodermoclysis

A

Fluid administered subcutaneously

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21
Q

Hypokalemia

A

A deficit Potassium

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22
Q

Hyponatremia

A

A sodium deficiency

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23
Q

Hypotonic

A

Solutions having less solute than isotonic fluids such as 0.45% normal saline

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24
Q

Insensible Fluid Loss

A

Loss that occurs through the skin and lungs; it usually is not noticeable and cannot be measured

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25
Interstitial Fluid Loss
Surrounds the cells and accounts for approximately 75% of the ECF
26
Intracellular Fluid
Surrounds the cells within the cells of the body
27
Intravascular fluid (plasma)
Found within the vascular system and accounts for approximately 20% or ECF
28
Ions
Charged particles
29
Isotonic
Solution having the same osmolality as body fluids
30
Milliequivalent
The chemical combining power of the ion, or the capacity of cations to combine with anions to form molecules.
31
Obligatory losses
Certain fluid losses required to maintain normal body function
32
Oncotic Pressure
Pulling water from interstitial space into the vascular compartment; also called colloid osmotic pressure.
33
Osmality
The concentration of solutes in body fluids
34
Osmosis
The movement of water across a cell membrane from the less concentrated solution to the more concentrated solution.
35
Osmotic pressure
The power of a solution to draw water across a semipermeable membrane.
36
Saline
0.9% Sodium Chloride, an isotonic solution
37
Solutes
Substances that dissolve in liquid such as oxygen, electrolytes, and glucose
38
Solvent
The component of a solution and represents the balance between the amounts of water on either side of a membrane.
39
Tonicity
Refers to the osmality of a solution and represents the balance between the amounts of water on either side of a membrane.
40
Transcellular fluid
I.E. cerebrospinal, pericardial, pancreatic, pleural, intracular, biliary, peritoneal, and synovial fluids
41
Apnea
Absence of breathing
42
Atelectasis
The collapse of all or part of a lung, affecting the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
43
Auscultation
Listening to the body’s sounds with a stethoscope
44
Bradypnea
Respiratory rate of less than 10 breaths per minute in adults
45
Bronchial Sounds
Loud, high-pitched sounds heard over the trachea (normal)
46
Bronchoscopy
A procedure that allows direct visualization of he lungs
47
Bronchovesicular sounds
Medium-loudness and pitch, and are heard on each side of the sternum and between the scapulae.
48
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Alveolar damage limits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; as a result, these individuals retain carbon dioxide.
49
Cyanosis
A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, is a late sign of hypoxia
50
Crackles
High pitched popping sounds. Fine, short, Interrupted crackling sounds. Think rice crispies. Can be heard during both E&I in the bases o the lower lung lobes. Caused by air passing through fluid or collapsed smaller air passages or alveoli. Cannot be cleared by coughing.
51
Dyspnea
Labored breathing/shortness of breath that is uncomfortable or painful, also occurs when breathing is insufficient to meet oxygen demand
52
Eupnea
Breathing within the expect respiratory rates
53
Hypercapnia
An increase of blood levels of carbon dioxide to above 45 mmHg
54
Hypercarbia
Same as hypercapnia
55
Hypoventilation
Abnormally slow respiratory rate leads to inadequate
56
Hypoxemia
a decreased level of oxygen in the blood
57
Hypoxia
decreased level of oxygen delivery to the tissues
58
Orthopnea
difficulty breathing when in supine position
59
Vesicular
Soft low pitched “Gentle sighing” created by air moving through smaller airways( bronchioles and alveoli). Is best heard at the base of the lungs during inspiration.
60
Gurgles/Ronchi
Cautious, low pitched, coarse, gurgling, sounds like snoring. Can be heard during both I&E in the over most lung ares but is best heard over the trachea and bronchi. Caused by the rubbing together of inflamed pleural cavities. May be altered by coughing.

Unit 3 (4 decks)

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