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Unit 3 > Fluid And Electrolytes Vocab > Flashcards

Fluid And Electrolytes Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Active Transport

A

Process that uses metabolic energy to move substances across cell membranes from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one.

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2
Q

Anions

A

Ions that carry a negative charge

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3
Q

Body Surface Areas (BSA)

A

The relationship between height and weight in square meters.

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4
Q

Cations

A

Ions that carry a positive charge

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5
Q

Colloid Osmotic Pressure

A

Pulling water from interstitial into the vascular compartment; also called on oncotic pressure.

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6
Q

Colloids

A

Substances such as large protein molecules that do not readily dissolve into true solutions.

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7
Q

Crystalloids

A

Salts that dissolve readily into true solutions.

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8
Q

Diffusion

A

The continual intermingling of. Molecules in liquids, gases, or solids brought about by random movement of the molecules.

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9
Q

Edema

A

Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in body tissues

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10
Q

Electrolytes

A

Charges ions capable of conducting electricity.

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11
Q

Extracellular Fluid

A

Fluid found outside the cells; accounts for about one third of total body fluid.

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12
Q

Filtration

A

A process whereby fluid and solutes move together across a membrane from one compartment to another.

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13
Q

Fluid volume Deficit (FVD)

A

When output substantially exceeds intake

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14
Q

Fluid Volume Excess (FVE)

A

Occure s when both water and sodium are retained by the body. Can be caused by Fluid volume overload .
Pt’s with heart disease, kidney dysfunction, or diabetes, with peripheral vascular disease are at increased risk.

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15
Q

Hematocrit

A

Measures the volume (percentage) of whole blood that is composed of RBC’s.

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16
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

The pressure a fluid exerts within a closed system.

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17
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Elevated potassium levels

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18
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Sodium Excess

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19
Q

Hypertonic

A

Solutions having higher levels of solutes such as D5NS or D5LRS.

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20
Q

Hypodermoclysis

A

Fluid administered subcutaneously

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21
Q

Hypokalemia

A

A deficit Potassium

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22
Q

Hyponatremia

A

A sodium deficiency

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23
Q

Hypotonic

A

Solutions having less solute than isotonic fluids such as 0.45% normal saline

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24
Q

Insensible Fluid Loss

A

Loss that occurs through the skin and lungs; it usually is not noticeable and cannot be measured

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25
Q

Interstitial Fluid Loss

A

Surrounds the cells and accounts for approximately 75% of the ECF

26
Q

Intracellular Fluid

A

Surrounds the cells within the cells of the body

27
Q

Intravascular fluid (plasma)

A

Found within the vascular system and accounts for approximately 20% or ECF

28
Q

Ions

A

Charged particles

29
Q

Isotonic

A

Solution having the same osmolality as body fluids

30
Q

Milliequivalent

A

The chemical combining power of the ion, or the capacity of cations to combine with anions to form molecules.

31
Q

Obligatory losses

A

Certain fluid losses required to maintain normal body function

32
Q

Oncotic Pressure

A

Pulling water from interstitial space into the vascular compartment; also called colloid osmotic pressure.

33
Q

Osmality

A

The concentration of solutes in body fluids

34
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of water across a cell membrane from the less concentrated solution to the more concentrated solution.

35
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

The power of a solution to draw water across a semipermeable membrane.

36
Q

Saline

A

0.9% Sodium Chloride, an isotonic solution

37
Q

Solutes

A

Substances that dissolve in liquid such as oxygen, electrolytes, and glucose

38
Q

Solvent

A

The component of a solution and represents the balance between the amounts of water on either side of a membrane.

39
Q

Tonicity

A

Refers to the osmality of a solution and represents the balance between the amounts of water on either side of a membrane.

40
Q

Transcellular fluid

A

I.E. cerebrospinal, pericardial, pancreatic, pleural, intracular, biliary, peritoneal, and synovial fluids

41
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of breathing

42
Q

Atelectasis

A

The collapse of all or part of a lung, affecting the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

43
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to the body’s sounds with a stethoscope

44
Q

Bradypnea

A

Respiratory rate of less than 10 breaths per minute in adults

45
Q

Bronchial Sounds

A

Loud, high-pitched sounds heard over the trachea (normal)

46
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

A procedure that allows direct visualization of he lungs

47
Q

Bronchovesicular sounds

A

Medium-loudness and pitch, and are heard on each side of the sternum and between the scapulae.

48
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

Alveolar damage limits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; as a result, these individuals retain carbon dioxide.

49
Q

Cyanosis

A

A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, is a late sign of hypoxia

50
Q

Crackles

A

High pitched popping sounds. Fine, short, Interrupted crackling sounds. Think rice crispies. Can be heard during both E&I in the bases o the lower lung lobes. Caused by air passing through fluid or collapsed smaller air passages or alveoli. Cannot be cleared by coughing.

51
Q

Dyspnea

A

Labored breathing/shortness of breath that is uncomfortable or painful, also occurs when breathing is insufficient to meet oxygen demand

52
Q

Eupnea

A

Breathing within the expect respiratory rates

53
Q

Hypercapnia

A

An increase of blood levels of carbon dioxide to above 45 mmHg

54
Q

Hypercarbia

A

Same as hypercapnia

55
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Abnormally slow respiratory rate leads to inadequate

56
Q

Hypoxemia

A

a decreased level of oxygen in the blood

57
Q

Hypoxia

A

decreased level of oxygen delivery to the tissues

58
Q

Orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing when in supine position

59
Q

Vesicular

A

Soft low pitched “Gentle sighing” created by air moving through smaller airways( bronchioles and alveoli). Is best heard at the base of the lungs during inspiration.

60
Q

Gurgles/Ronchi

A

Cautious, low pitched, coarse, gurgling, sounds like snoring. Can be heard during both I&E in the over most lung ares but is best heard over the trachea and bronchi. Caused by the rubbing together of inflamed pleural cavities. May be altered by coughing.

Unit 3 (4 decks)

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