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NUR 201-Exam 2 > Fluid and Electrolytes- Hyperemesis Gravidum > Flashcards

Fluid and Electrolytes- Hyperemesis Gravidum Flashcards

1
Q

Maternal age (less than 20), obesity, primagravida, multipara, high stress, and transient hyperthyroidism are all what?

A

Risk factors for HG

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2
Q

What are some physical (objective) assessment findings you would see in a pt. w/ HG?

A

Decreased BP, increased HR, poor skin turgor, wt. loss, excessive vomiting and diarrhea

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3
Q

In a urinalysis to help diagnose HG what are they looking for?

A

Ketones and acetones

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4
Q

What is hyperkalemia?

A

Elevated K+ levels

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5
Q

The regulation of volume and composition of body fluids through several mechanisms is known as what?

A

Maintaining homeostasis

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6
Q

What is another word for HG, but is less severe?

A

Morning sickness

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7
Q

Extreme N/V that is prolonged past 12wks gestation is known as what?

A

HG

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8
Q

What is found w/in the cells of the body and makes up 2/3 of total body fluids?

A

ICF

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9
Q

Blood serum, saline, albumin, urine, bile, hormones and CSF are all what?

A

Types of fluid and electrolytes

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10
Q

What are normal sodium (Na) values?

A

135-145

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11
Q

What are normal potassium (K) values?

A

3.5-5.3

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12
Q

What are normal calcium (Ca) values?

A

8.5-10.5mg/dL

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13
Q

What are normal magnesium (Mg) values?

A

1.5-2.5

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14
Q

What are the major cations of ICF?

A

K and Mg

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15
Q

What are the major anions of ICF?

A

Phosphate and sulfate

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16
Q

Most abundant cation of ECF is?

A

Na

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17
Q

Most abundant anion of ECF is?

A

Cl

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18
Q

What are the principle electrolytes of ECF?

A

Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate

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19
Q

What is fluid found outside of cells, makes up 1/3 of total body fluids, is divided into intravascular (plasma) and interstitial (pleual, peritoneal, etc.)?

A

ECF

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20
Q

What leads to fluid and electrolyte imbalance, alkalosis, and loss of hydrochloride acid?

A

Dehydration

21
Q

Flat veins, hypotension, tachycardia, increased Hct and BUN, fatigue/muscle weakness, dry mucosa/skin, weak pulse, decrease urine output are all what?

A

S/S of FVD/dehydration

22
Q

Hypovolemia/dehydration-insufficient intake, diarrhea/vomit, NG suctioning, Drainage/burns, diuretics are all what?

A

Causes of FVD

23
Q

What is HG?

A

Persistent, severe vomiting during pregnancy leading to wt. loss and dehydration

24
Q

Dehydration, wt. loss (>5% of wt), ketosis, and electrolyte abnormalities are all caused by what during pregnancy?

A

Uncontrolled vomiting

25
Q

When does extreme vomiting usually develop during pregnancy?

A

5wks gestation

26
Q

When does “morning sickness” usually disappear?

A

16-20wks

27
Q

True or false.

In a pt. w/ HG vomiting goes away in 16-20wks.

A

False

28
Q

What hormone is affected (elevated) during HG bc of an increase in vomiting during pregnancy?

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

29
Q

Displacement of the GI track in HG is a pathophysiology caused by what?

A

Vomiting

30
Q

What psychosocial factor is a a part of the pathophysiology for HG?

A

Emotional response to stress

31
Q

How much weight loss does a person typically lose if they have HG and is a great sign to admit the pt for treatment?

A

> 5%

32
Q

Excessive vomiting and diarrhea, dehydration w/ possible electrolyte imbalance, wt. loss, increased pulse rate, decreased BP, poor skin turgor and dry mucous membranes are all what?

A

Physical assessment findings (s/s)

33
Q

True or false.

A pt. w/ HG can keep down water.

A

False

34
Q

What 2 urine lab tests help diagnose HG?

A

Urinalysis for ketones and acetones and elevated urine specific gravity

35
Q

What happens to Na, K, and Cl levels in HG?

A

Decrease bc of low intake

36
Q

What 2 live function tests are done to help diagnose HG?

A

Elevated AST and ALT

37
Q

Are liver enzymes elevated or decreased in HG?

A

Elevated

38
Q

What does HCG act as during HG that can send a pregnant female into hyperthyroidism?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

39
Q

True or false.

Hematocrit concentration is elevated in HG bc of fluid concentration.

A

True

40
Q

A thyroid test is done in a woman w/ HG to assess for what?

A

Hyperthyroidism

41
Q

What 2 antiemetic meds are administered for home therapy of uncontrollable N/V?

A

Ondanseron-Zofran or Metoclopramise-Reglan

42
Q

For nutrition vitamin supplements, specifically which one is administered for HG?

A

Pyriodoxine (Vit. B6)

43
Q

If a pt. is admitted for HG how long are they NPO?

A

24-48hrs

44
Q

What type of IV fluids are given to a pt. w/ HG for rehydration?

A

Lactated ringers or 0.9% NS

45
Q

What important assessments need to be done when assessing a pt. who was admitted for HG?

A

Intake and output, skin turgor, mucous membranes, VS, and wt.

46
Q

During discharge teaching a pt. should be instructed to be on a clear liquid diet for how long if no vomiting occurs?

A

24hrs

47
Q

After a clear liquid diet what type of diet can a pt. be on after discharge?

A

Advanced diet (dry toast, crackers or cereal) then soft diet, then normal diet. All as tolerated

48
Q

If vomiting returns what type of diet does the pt. go on?

A

Feeding tube or Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

NUR 201-Exam 2 (10 decks)

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