Fluid and Electrolytes- Dehydration in PEDS

Question 1

What is the decrease in intravascular, interstitial and/or ICF in the body?

Answer 1

Fluid volume deficit

Question 2

Loss of fluid alone is what?

Answer 2

Dehydration

Question 3

What may exist alone or in combo w/ acid base imbalances and can occur slowly or rapidly?

Answer 3

Fluid volume deficit

Question 4

How do infants/younger children differ from older children/adults in dehydration?

Answer 4

More vulnerable to alterations in fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 5

Infants/younger children differ from older children/adults by disturbances occurring more ____ and _______.

Answer 5

Often; quicker

Question 6

Infants/younger children differ from older children/adults by having ______ adjustments to alterations.

Answer 6

Slower

Question 7

Infants/younger children differ from older children/adults by having greater _____ ______ and _____ in relation to size.

Answer 7

Fluid intake and output

Question 8

Infants/younger children differ from older children/adults by length of ____ _____ being greater in an infant (larger surface for absorption).

Answer 8

Small intestine

Question 9

Infants and younger children have a ECF that is?

Answer 9

Larger and constitutes greater proportion of body wt.

Question 10

What are immature and inefficient in an infant?

Answer 10

Kidneys

Question 11

Infants have a high daily what w/ little reserve?

Answer 11

Fluid requirement

Question 12

The body surface of an infant/young child is what?

Answer 12

Greater

Question 13

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) of an infant/young child is what?

Answer 13

Higher

Question 14

What do infants/young children lose more of bc they can’t old on to it very well?

Answer 14

Fluid

Question 15

What can’t infants/young children concentrate well?

Answer 15

Water

Question 16

Infants/young children are @ risk for what bc they can’t handle solid loads as well?

Answer 16

Acid base imbalance

Question 17

Infants/young children have more what bc of a warmer, increase in respirations and fever?

Answer 17

Insensible fluid loss

Question 18

Infants/young children can’t handle what well bc it doesn’t have electrolytes and nutrients?

Answer 18

Solute free liquid like water

Question 19

What factors affect fluid and electrolytes in infants/young children?

Answer 19

Age, gender, body size, environmental temps, and lifestyle

Question 20

Total output>total intake is what? And can include insensible losses from a # of diseases?

Answer 20

Dehydration

Question 21

Why is a stomach virus susceptible to dehydration and infection?

Answer 21

Bc of diarrhea

Question 22

What type of dehydration is it when primary form in children electrolyte and water deficits are equal?

Answer 22

Isotonic

Question 23

What type of dehydration is it when electrolyte deficits are greater than water deficits?

Answer 23

Hypotonic

Question 24

What type of dehydration is it when water loss is greater than electrolyte loss?

Answer 24

Hypertonic

Question 25

Isotonic dehydration can cause signs of what?

Answer 25

Hypovolemic shock

Question 26

In hypotonic dehydration why are symptoms more severe?

Answer 26

ECF is more concentrated

Question 27

Why is hypertonic dehydration the most dangerous type?

Answer 27

ECF higher (high NG loads)

Question 28

What are the 3 simple measurements used for dehydration?

Answer 28

Weight, VS, and Intake and output (wet diapers)

Question 29

What are some nursing assessments to assess for dehydration?

Answer 29

General appearance, wt., LOC, VS, I/O, Skin turgor, mucous membranes, fontanels, extremities (cap refill)

Question 30

Each kg of wt is equal to how many liters?

Answer 30

1

Question 31

What's a good indicator for fluid volume deficit?

Answer 31

Rapid wt. loss

Question 32

How do you calculate the percentage of severity of clinical dehydration?

Answer 32

Subtract child's current wt. from original wt. | divide loss by original wt and multiply by 100 to get into a percentage

Question 33

How much percent is mild severity of dehydration?

Answer 33

Less than 5% (40-50ml/kg)

Question 34

How much percent is moderate severity of dehydration?

Answer 34

6-9% (60-90ml/kg)

Question 35

How much percent is severe severity of dehydration?

Answer 35

>10% (greater or equal to 100ml/kg)

Question 36

Even though mild dehydration is hard to detect what's one way to detect it?

Answer 36

Infants irritable, older children thirsty

Question 37

Infants may have restlessness and irritability, skin turgor diminished, dark and decrease amount of urine, elevated pulse rate, low BP, or normal children are often lethargic and sleepy all help to detect what?

Answer 37

Moderate dehydration

Question 38

Increased lethargy or non responsive, markedly decrease in BP, rapid pulse, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, seizure activity, and markedly decreased urinary output all help to detect what?

Answer 38

Severe dehydration

Question 39

When calculating daily maintenance of fluid requirements 10kg is equal to how many ml's?

Answer 39

100ml

Question 40

When calculating daily maintenance of fluid requirements 2nd 10kg is equal to how many ml's?

Answer 40

50ml

Question 41

When calculating daily maintenance of fluid requirements remainder of kg above 20kg is equal to how many ml's?

Answer 41

20ml

Question 42

What clinical therapies are used for dehydration?

Answer 42

Accurate degree of dehydration, oral rehydration, and IV fluids

Question 43

What is a more effective, safer, less painful and less costly than IV hydration?

Answer 43

Oral rehydration therapy

Question 44

What is not a contraindication in oral rehydration therapy?

Answer 44

Vomiting

Question 45

Oral rehydration therapy enhances and promotes reabsorption of what?

Answer 45

Sodium and water

Question 46

What greatly decreases vomiting, volume loss from diarrhea and duration of illness?

Answer 46

Oral rehydration therapy

Question 47

What is one type of oral rehydration therapy?

Answer 47

Pedialyte

Question 48

When should you use pedialyte or other ORT?

Answer 48

At frequent intervals in small amounts

Question 49

When should you admin parenteral therapy?

Answer 49

If fluid deficit is severe, unable to take fluids or has hypertonic dehydration

Question 50

What is contraindicated during parenteral therapy bc of the risk of cerebral edema?

Answer 50

Rapid fluid replacement

Question 51

What should you avoid during parenteral therapy until renal function is verified?

Answer 51

Potassium