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NUR 201-Exam 2 > Fluid and Electrolytes- Dehydration in PEDS > Flashcards

Fluid and Electrolytes- Dehydration in PEDS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the decrease in intravascular, interstitial and/or ICF in the body?

A

Fluid volume deficit

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2
Q

Loss of fluid alone is what?

A

Dehydration

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3
Q

What may exist alone or in combo w/ acid base imbalances and can occur slowly or rapidly?

A

Fluid volume deficit

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4
Q

How do infants/younger children differ from older children/adults in dehydration?

A

More vulnerable to alterations in fluid and electrolyte balance

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5
Q

Infants/younger children differ from older children/adults by disturbances occurring more ____ and _______.

A

Often; quicker

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6
Q

Infants/younger children differ from older children/adults by having ______ adjustments to alterations.

A

Slower

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7
Q

Infants/younger children differ from older children/adults by having greater _____ ______ and _____ in relation to size.

A

Fluid intake and output

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8
Q

Infants/younger children differ from older children/adults by length of ____ _____ being greater in an infant (larger surface for absorption).

A

Small intestine

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9
Q

Infants and younger children have a ECF that is?

A

Larger and constitutes greater proportion of body wt.

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10
Q

What are immature and inefficient in an infant?

A

Kidneys

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11
Q

Infants have a high daily what w/ little reserve?

A

Fluid requirement

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12
Q

The body surface of an infant/young child is what?

A

Greater

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13
Q

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) of an infant/young child is what?

A

Higher

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14
Q

What do infants/young children lose more of bc they can’t old on to it very well?

A

Fluid

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15
Q

What can’t infants/young children concentrate well?

A

Water

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16
Q

Infants/young children are @ risk for what bc they can’t handle solid loads as well?

A

Acid base imbalance

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17
Q

Infants/young children have more what bc of a warmer, increase in respirations and fever?

A

Insensible fluid loss

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18
Q

Infants/young children can’t handle what well bc it doesn’t have electrolytes and nutrients?

A

Solute free liquid like water

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19
Q

What factors affect fluid and electrolytes in infants/young children?

A

Age, gender, body size, environmental temps, and lifestyle

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20
Q

Total output>total intake is what? And can include insensible losses from a # of diseases?

A

Dehydration

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21
Q

Why is a stomach virus susceptible to dehydration and infection?

A

Bc of diarrhea

22
Q

What type of dehydration is it when primary form in children electrolyte and water deficits are equal?

A

Isotonic

23
Q

What type of dehydration is it when electrolyte deficits are greater than water deficits?

A

Hypotonic

24
Q

What type of dehydration is it when water loss is greater than electrolyte loss?

A

Hypertonic

25
Q

Isotonic dehydration can cause signs of what?

A

Hypovolemic shock

26
Q

In hypotonic dehydration why are symptoms more severe?

A

ECF is more concentrated

27
Q

Why is hypertonic dehydration the most dangerous type?

A

ECF higher (high NG loads)

28
Q

What are the 3 simple measurements used for dehydration?

A

Weight, VS, and Intake and output (wet diapers)

29
Q

What are some nursing assessments to assess for dehydration?

A

General appearance, wt., LOC, VS, I/O, Skin turgor, mucous membranes, fontanels, extremities (cap refill)

30
Q

Each kg of wt is equal to how many liters?

A

1

31
Q

What’s a good indicator for fluid volume deficit?

A

Rapid wt. loss

32
Q

How do you calculate the percentage of severity of clinical dehydration?

A

Subtract child’s current wt. from original wt.

divide loss by original wt and multiply by 100 to get into a percentage

33
Q

How much percent is mild severity of dehydration?

A

Less than 5% (40-50ml/kg)

34
Q

How much percent is moderate severity of dehydration?

A

6-9% (60-90ml/kg)

35
Q

How much percent is severe severity of dehydration?

A

> 10% (greater or equal to 100ml/kg)

36
Q

Even though mild dehydration is hard to detect what’s one way to detect it?

A

Infants irritable, older children thirsty

37
Q

Infants may have restlessness and irritability, skin turgor diminished, dark and decrease amount of urine, elevated pulse rate, low BP, or normal children are often lethargic and sleepy all help to detect what?

A

Moderate dehydration

38
Q

Increased lethargy or non responsive, markedly decrease in BP, rapid pulse, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, seizure activity, and markedly decreased urinary output all help to detect what?

A

Severe dehydration

39
Q

When calculating daily maintenance of fluid requirements 10kg is equal to how many ml’s?

A

100ml

40
Q

When calculating daily maintenance of fluid requirements 2nd 10kg is equal to how many ml’s?

A

50ml

41
Q

When calculating daily maintenance of fluid requirements remainder of kg above 20kg is equal to how many ml’s?

A

20ml

42
Q

What clinical therapies are used for dehydration?

A

Accurate degree of dehydration, oral rehydration, and IV fluids

43
Q

What is a more effective, safer, less painful and less costly than IV hydration?

A

Oral rehydration therapy

44
Q

What is not a contraindication in oral rehydration therapy?

A

Vomiting

45
Q

Oral rehydration therapy enhances and promotes reabsorption of what?

A

Sodium and water

46
Q

What greatly decreases vomiting, volume loss from diarrhea and duration of illness?

A

Oral rehydration therapy

47
Q

What is one type of oral rehydration therapy?

A

Pedialyte

48
Q

When should you use pedialyte or other ORT?

A

At frequent intervals in small amounts

49
Q

When should you admin parenteral therapy?

A

If fluid deficit is severe, unable to take fluids or has hypertonic dehydration

50
Q

What is contraindicated during parenteral therapy bc of the risk of cerebral edema?

A

Rapid fluid replacement

51
Q

What should you avoid during parenteral therapy until renal function is verified?

A

Potassium

NUR 201-Exam 2 (10 decks)

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